Razieh Poursaeid; Khalil-Berdi Fotouhifar; Rasoul Zare
Abstract
In this study, in order to identification of mating type idiomorphs and possibility of sexual fertility samples were taken from rivers, lakes, lagoons and dams of 10 provinces (Alborz, Bushehr, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Guilan, Khuzestan, Kurdistan, Lorestan, Mazandaran and South Khorasan). In each site, ...
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In this study, in order to identification of mating type idiomorphs and possibility of sexual fertility samples were taken from rivers, lakes, lagoons and dams of 10 provinces (Alborz, Bushehr, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Guilan, Khuzestan, Kurdistan, Lorestan, Mazandaran and South Khorasan). In each site, samples were taken from three substrates of water, sediments and foam (small bubbles on water surface). Water-agar containing antibiotic and alternating light in 25°C and peptone-PCNB-agar containing antibiotic were used for isolation of the isolates. Fifty-one isolates of F. proliferatum were recovered and maintained. Isolates were identified using morphological characteristics on carnation-leaf-agar, potato dextrose agar and SNA culture media. Then, identification of isolates was done by species-specific primers. To detect the mating type idiomorphs of the isolates, idiomorph loci were amplified by multiplex PCR using the primers designed based on corresponding MAT loci. Of 51 isolates, 28 (54.9%) were determined as MAT-1 and 23 (45.1%) as MAT-2. To test sexual fertility of the isolates, each isolate was crossed with all isolates of opposite mating type on carrot agar culture medium, and total crosses of 1288 were done between the isolates. One hundred and two crosses resulted in fertile perithecia and ascospores recovered from fertile crosses had germination rate between 70–80%. Among successful crosses, four isolates were identified as female fertile. Distribution of mating type idiomorphs and fertility status of the isolates, confirms the probability of sexual reproduction among isolates in the aquatic ecosystems.
Saadi Karami; Mohammad Javan Nikkhah; Khalil-Berdi Fotouhifar; Vahid Rahjoo; Abdollah Ahmadpour; Amin Alidadi
Abstract
In order to study the Bipolaris and Curvularia species associated with corn, sorghum and sugarcane, sampeling were performed from different regions of Iran (including Alborz, Ardabil, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Khuzestan, Mazandaran and Zanjan provinces) during the summer of 2011 and 2012. Fungal species ...
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In order to study the Bipolaris and Curvularia species associated with corn, sorghum and sugarcane, sampeling were performed from different regions of Iran (including Alborz, Ardabil, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Khuzestan, Mazandaran and Zanjan provinces) during the summer of 2011 and 2012. Fungal species were identified based on morphological features and molecular data of ITS regions of ribosomal DNA. Eleven species including Viz. Bipolaris cynodontis (48 isolates), B. sorghicola (16 isolates), B. maydis (17 isolates), B. sorokiniana (seven isolates), B. bicolor (four isolates) and B. oryzae (two isolates), Curvularia spicifera (19 isolates), C. papendorfii (ten isolates), C. ellisii (two isolates), and C. hawaiiensis (one isolate) were identified. Pathogenicity test of the species were performed on four to six leaf stage of corn, sorghum and sugarcane seedlings. Finally, pathogenicity of B. maydis, B. sorokiniana and B. oryzae on corn and B. sorghicola on sorghum seedlings were confirmed. This is the first report of occurrence and pathogenicity of B. sorokiniana and B. oryzae on corn leaves in Iran.
Leila Ebrahimi; Khalil-Berdi Fotouhifar; Mohammad Javan Nik Khah; Mohammad-Reza Naghavi
Abstract
Apple scab disease caused by Venturia inaequalis is the most important economic disease worldwide where the apple is grown and causes annual epidemics. It reduces the quality and quantity of the yields in different regions of Iran. In this study, diversity and population genetic structure of V. inaequalis ...
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Apple scab disease caused by Venturia inaequalis is the most important economic disease worldwide where the apple is grown and causes annual epidemics. It reduces the quality and quantity of the yields in different regions of Iran. In this study, diversity and population genetic structure of V. inaequalis were surveyed on different apple cultivars using 18 microsatellite markers. 51 isolates were obtained from infected leaf and fruit specimens from wild apple, Iranian endemic and commercial apples from Northern provinces of Iran (Mazandaran, Golestan and Guilan). 28 SSR primers were used to investigate the genetic diversity of this pathogen. Among them, 18 primers showed polymorphism between isolates and populations. AMOVA analyses revealed that 97% of the variation was distributed among individuals within populations, and 3% was attributable to the differences among populations. Gene diversity indexes including Nei’s gene diversity, Shannon index and allele numbers in every population showed that diversity within the population on endemic cultivars is more than the diversity in the population of wild and commercial cultivars. Also, the population of commercial cultivars has more diversity in comparison with the wild population. High genetic diversity within the populations is caused by annual sexual reproduction, gene flow between populations and probably the existence of this fungus for a long time in this region.
Reza Heidarian; Khalil-Berdi Fotouhifar; Amir-Hossein Mohammadi; Mohammad Javan Nik Khah
Abstract
Pistachio die-back disease is an important disease in Iranian pistachio orchards. One of the most important fungal agents of the disease is Paecilomyces which has been recently identified as P. formosus based on phylogenetic and physiologic studies. In this study, four pairs of primers designed using ...
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Pistachio die-back disease is an important disease in Iranian pistachio orchards. One of the most important fungal agents of the disease is Paecilomyces which has been recently identified as P. formosus based on phylogenetic and physiologic studies. In this study, four pairs of primers designed using mating type idiomorph sequences of P. variotii deposited in GenBank (NCBI). Designed primers were tested in some isolates of P. formosus and finally two primer pairs including; Mat1-1f224 and Mat1-1r224 for amplification of Mat1-1 and Mat1-2f165 and Mat1-2r165 primers for amplification of Mat1-2 idiomorphs were selected. Mating type idiomorphs were amplified in 124 isolates of P. formosus which have been obtained from pistachio trees and eight other species including; Pistacia mutica, Punica granatum, Prunus amygdalus, Caesalpinia gilliesii, Nerium oleander, Tamarix aphylla, Tamarix hispida, Haloxylon sp. and air of pistachio orchards. In 50 isolates (40.3%) Mat1-1, in 59 isolates (47.6%) Mat1-2 and in 15 isolates (12.1%) both idiomorphs were identified. 16 isolates from each mating type and three isolates which had both idiomorphs were selected and crossed in all of the possible combinations on PDA culture medium and cultures were incubated at 25 °C in continuous dark condition. After eight months, sexual reproduction was not observed in crosses.
Shiva Abdollahi Aghdam; Khalil-Berdi Fotouhifar
Abstract
In an investigation of endophytic fungi associated with cherry (Prunus avium L.) in Iran, healthy plant samples including twigs and leaves were collected during autumn of 2013 and spring and summer seasons of 2014. In this study, 10 fungal species including Acremonium sclerotigenum, Aureobasidium microstictum, ...
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In an investigation of endophytic fungi associated with cherry (Prunus avium L.) in Iran, healthy plant samples including twigs and leaves were collected during autumn of 2013 and spring and summer seasons of 2014. In this study, 10 fungal species including Acremonium sclerotigenum, Aureobasidium microstictum, Chaetomium globosum, Chalastospora gossypii, Clonostachys rosea, Dendrothyrium variisporum, Fusarium sambucinum, Fusarium verticillioides, Trichothecium roseum and Trichurus spiralis were identified as endophytic fungi of cherry trees in Iran. All identified species are reported for the first time as endophytic fungi of cherry trees in the world. The two species including Aureobasidium microstictum and Dendrothyrium variisporum are new taxa for Iran mycoflora.
Saeideh Jafarpour; Khalil-Berdi Fotouhifar; Mohammad Javan-Nik Khah; Mohhamad Reza Asef
Abstract
During September to November 2010-2012, 17 fruiting body specimens of Armillaria were collected from diverse forest sites in Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan Provinces (Iran) and 24 basidiocarp derived isolates were obtained. Mating tests were performed using 10 Iranian representative isolates and 12 ...
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During September to November 2010-2012, 17 fruiting body specimens of Armillaria were collected from diverse forest sites in Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan Provinces (Iran) and 24 basidiocarp derived isolates were obtained. Mating tests were performed using 10 Iranian representative isolates and 12 European tester strains of European species including A. mellea, A. gallica and A. cepistipes. Crossing tests were also used for identification of interspecific and intraspecific separation criteria. In the mating test of a total number of 360 interspecific crosses, Iranian isolates were divided into two A. mellea and A. gallica groups. Hemi-compatible and compatible reactions were found in 126 interspecific crosses. Analysis of crosses demonstrated clear separation for both MFF (mycelial fusion frequency) and BLF (black line frequency) and also change in culture morphology. Mating data clearly distinguished three species including A. mellea, A. gallica and A. cepistipes and defined sexual compatibility of Iranian species with their European counterparts. In spite of close phylogenetic relationship between Iranian A. gallica and A. cepistipes, it also represented a significant clear cut based on the sexual fertility. The results suggest that biological species concept in these fungi consist of using both somatic and sexual compatibilities that still can be used in case of selection of a proper pattern of isolates.
Sudabeh Bozorgmanesh; Khalil-Berdi Fotouhifar; Mohammad Javan Nik Khah
Abstract
In order to study of mycelial compatibility of Valsa sordida isolates on two culture media including potato dextrose agar and oat meal agar, 91 isolates that were collected from different provinces in 2004 and 2011 were used. In the prepared test, each isolate was paired with itself and with any of the ...
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In order to study of mycelial compatibility of Valsa sordida isolates on two culture media including potato dextrose agar and oat meal agar, 91 isolates that were collected from different provinces in 2004 and 2011 were used. In the prepared test, each isolate was paired with itself and with any of the other isolates. Dark barrage zone that shows incompatibility between two isolates, were observed seven days after parings. According to the results, thirty-eight single mycelial compatibility (MC) groups and eight multi-merge groups were identified on PDA culture medium and twenty-five single m-c groups and ten multi-merge groups on OMA culture medium were detected, showing the existence of high genetic diversity among the fungal isolates. In this study, no relationship between obtained MC groups on two culture media with geographic distribution and host plant origins of the fungal isolates was observed.
