Relationship between Hydrogen Cyanide and Siderophore Production by Fluorescent Pseudomonads of Wheat Rhizosphere with Growth Rate of the Plant
somaye
alvani
دانشجوی دکتری فردوسی مشهد
author
hamid
rohani
استاد فردوسی مشهد
author
esmat
mehdikhani
دانشیار فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2012
per
The majority of rhizospheric bacteria, particularly fluorescent pseudomonads are able to stimulate plant growth by producing different metabolites including hydrogen cyanide and siderophores. To evaluate the effect of these metabolites on wheat growth, strains of fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from the wheat rhizosphere in Khorasan provinces, identified and studied for production of hydrogen cyanide and siderophore through Alstrom and Castaneda methods. Results showed 16 out of 130 strains were positive in production of hydrogen cyanide and siderophore at different levels. A suspension of 108 bacteria per ml with 1% carboxy methylcellulose in distilled water was prepared for each of the16 strains. The wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum cultivar Phalat) were maintained for 30 minutes in each suspension and then dried. Five seeds were sown in pots each containing 1 Kg of autoclaved soil and maintained in greenhouse conditions with 17 treat and 3 repeat. One month later the fresh weights of the plants were determined and compared with control. The results indicated that the strains which possess the ability to produce hydrogen cyanide and siderophore increased the fresh weight, root, and height of the plants as compared to control. The correlation ratios observed between strains producing hydrogen cyanide and siderophore vs the fresh weights of the plants were rated as 0.84 and 0.93, respectively.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
1
12
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28640_65e04345e0aaefb1aa263aa6690e9b6d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28640
Effect of Glyphosate Application Time and Rating on Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Vegetative and Reproductive Growth
zahra
farokhi
دانش آموخته ارشد دانشگاه تهران
author
حسن
علیزاده
دانشیار دانشگاه تهران
author
hamid
rahimian mashhadi
استاد دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2012
per
To study the effect of glyphosate application rate and timing on johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) vegetative and reproductive growth, three experiments were conducted in field, greenhouse, and laboratory in the Agronomy Department of University of Tehran, Karaj, in 2007 & 2008. In each experiment, treatments were arranged in completely randomized (greenhouse & laboratory) and completely randomized block design (field). The experimental factors included time of treatment and glyphosate doses in greenhouse & laboratory (0, 1, 0.5+0.5, 2, 1+1, 4, 2+2 lit/ha) and as well in the field (0, 2, 1+1, 4, 2+2, 6, 3+3, 8, 4+4 L/ha). Glyphosate toxicity was quantified by visual evaluation of injury and percent reduction in dry weight, 4 weeks following treatment. Shoots, dry weights for regrowth were evaluated in greenhouse and for field in 42 days past harvesting. Treated-seed germination characteristics in different growth stages were studied in the laboratory. The results showed: a) In greenhouse, the johnsongrass control was best when sprayed at 3-5 leaf stage with 2+2 lit/ha. b) In field, the results were similar to those in greenhouse,while for the control it was suitable at flowering stage. Split doses of glyphosate resulted in better shoot regrowth control at flowering stage than single whole doses. c) In laboratory expriments, flowering stage was the best for controlling johnsongrass reproductive growth. Maximum decrease in seed production, percent and rate of germination, as well as in seed viability were obtained at flowering stage with 2 lit/ha of glyphosate. Based on the obtained results, the control of vegetative and reproductive growth of johnsongrass was best achieved when sprayed at flowering stage.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
13
21
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28641_714a04eccfe11dbdf7fb49962b2459c0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28641
Biology and Life Table Parameters of Strawberry Spider Mite, Tetranychus turkestani Studied on Three Cucurbit Host Plants
tahere
karami jamoor
دانشجوی ارشد شهید جمران
author
parviz
shishe bor
استاد دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
author
mohammad saeed
mosadegh
استاد دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
author
text
article
2012
per
Biology of strawberry spider mite, Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov& Nikolski was studied on cucumber, courgette and melon under laboratory conditions (30±1oC, 70±5% RH and 14:10 L: D). The mean female immature developmental times on cucumber, courgette and melon were recorded as 7.73±0.14, 8.27±0.24 and 9.54±0.36 days respectively. The values of immature death rate were 42.31, 48.93 and 63.63% on the same three host plants. The average female life spans were estimated 5.78±0.51, 5.41±0.81 and 7.53±0.61 days on the same host plants. Mean daily egg counts were 3.31±0.61, 2.28±0.38 and 1.09±0.32 while mean total egg counts were recorded as 32.81±3.88, 18.5±4.56 and 14.04±2.35 eggs on the same named host plants. Mean sex ratios (female %) were 69, 85 and 78% on cucumber, courgette and melon, respectively. Intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were 0.272±0.01, 0.183±0.02 and 0.125±0.01 on the mentioned host plants. Based upon the biological characteristics and life table parameters, cucumber was found as the most suitable host for growth and reproduction of T. turkestani.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
23
31
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28642_d6e5b701d5bba17874a4bf5481082257.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28642
Investigation on the Effects of some Pesticides and Plant Extracts on Life Table of Chrysoperla carnea (Neu.: Chrysopidae)
mohammad kazem
iran nejad
دانشجوی ارشد دانشگاه رفسنجان
author
mohammad amin
sami
استادیار دانشگاه رفسنجان
author
khalil
talebi jahromi
استاد دانشگاه تهران
author
ali
alizadeh
استادیار دانشگاه رفسنجان
author
text
article
2012
per
Demographic toxicology is a common method for an investigation of the sub lethal effects of pesticides on natural enemies. The present study was conducted to evaluate the side effects of the extracts of Calotropis procera (Willd.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), Teucrium polium L. (Labiatae), Fumaria parviflora Lam. (Fumariaceae) and Thymus vulgaris L. (Labiatae) in comparison with three pesticides: Hexaflumuron, Pymetrozin and Spirodiclofen on life table parameters of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) under controlled conditions. One hundred and fifty four fresh eggs were treated through dipping method. Results showed significant differences (p?0.01) among treatments for Gross Reproductive Rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (?), intrinsic birth rate (b) and Doubling Time (DT), while it showed no significant difference for intrinsic death rate (d) and mean generation time (T) parameters. The highest to lowest gross reproductive rates were observed in Pymetrozin, Spirodiclofen, T. polium, C. procera, T. vulgaris, hexaflumuron and F. parviflora respectively. The maximum of net reproductive rate, finite rate of increase and intrinsic birth rate were observed in Pymetrozin while a minimum in F. parviflora. Thus, the immunity was observed in pymetrozin, C. procera, T. polium and T. vulgaris respectively while Hexaflumuron and T. vulgaris showed the highest inhibiting effect on stable population growth parameters. Two extracts C. procera and T. polium are the most suitable choices, because of their immunity on C. carnea as a biological control agent.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
33
46
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28643_00e496ec2a14af0a8f18bfbf7bf1696b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28643
A Study on the Genetic Diversity and Sexual Fertility Status of Magnaporthe grisea Isolates Obtained from Different Weeds of Poaceae and Rice
minoo
bargnil
دانشجوی ارشد دانشگاه تهران
author
mohammad
javan nikkhah
دانشیار دانشگاه تهران
author
seyed mahmood
okhovat
استاد دانشگاه تهران
author
keyvan
ghazanfari
کارشناس دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2012
per
A determination of the genetic variation of the fungus isolated from graminous weeds which is highly beneficial to know probable genetic recombination in the fungus populations was done for the first time in Iran through PCR reaction. The isolates of fungus “Magnaporthe grisea” from graminous weed hosts and from rice were analyzed through RAPD-PCR to assay the mating type and genetic diversity.Using three random primers of: I, D and H, DNA fragments of 42 isolates were amplified from 220bp to 2500bp. Using cluster analysis and data comparison as based on Dice coefficient four clonal lineages and 20 haplotypes were identified. Similarity of 20% “A” clonal lineage including 29 isolates recovered from Digitaria sp. as well as isolates recovered from unknown weed hosts with “B”,“C” and “D” clonal lineages (including isolates recovered form Setaria sp. Echinocloa sp. of rice isolates) indicates distant relationship of “A” clonal lineage with the other clonal lineages. Forty-eight single-spored isolates of weeds and of rice were crossed with eight fertile hermaphrodite standard isolates on medium culture assay the mating type. Among Echinochloa sp. and Setaria sp. isolates Mat1-1 and among isolates of Digitaria sp. Mat1-2 were the dominant ones. Mating type of isolates recovered from rice was determined as Mat1-1. Weed isolates especially isolates obtained from Setaria sp. had high fertility as all Setaria sp. isolates produced ascospores in crosses. Mating type of 34 isolates was determined using PCR technique and two pairs of specific primers by the names of L1, L2,T1 and T2 verified the results of the mating experiments.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
47
61
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28644_f1795ad31210d0edf3b9a5eabefbaba5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28644
Investigation into the Effects and Transfer in Different Concentrations of Boric Acid from Exposed to Non-Exposed
Workers of Microcerotermes diversus
(Isoptera: Termitidae)
zeynab
fathollahi
دانشجوی ارشد دانشگاه شهید چمران
author
behzad
habibpoor
استادیار دانشگاه شهید چمران
author
saeed
moharami poor
دانشیار دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
text
article
2012
per
4-
Microcerotermes diversus (Silvestri) is considered as the most economically destructive pest of wood products in Ahwaz. The potential for horizontal transfer of non- repellent termiticides among nest mates has become an important paradigm for control of termites in recent years. This laboratory study evaluated the ability of M. diversus worker termites exposed to boric acid in transfering the lethal concentrations of this compound to non-exposed recipient workers. Boric acid is a non-repellent termiticide known to be effective against M. diversus at relevant concentrations. Donor – recipient trial in two ratios were carried out: 1:1(10 donors: 10 recipients) and 1:5 (10 donors: 50 recipients). In the trials, workers were placed on filter paper treated with 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 % boric acid. Exposed workers were then removed from the treated paper, placed in a clean container, and allowed to have side-by-side feeding interactions with non-exposed recipient workers for a duration of 14 days, in which the mortality was assessed. Results indicated that mortality of non-exposed workers contacted by the exposed ones rose with increasing insecticide concentrations in all worker ratios. Therefore, transfer of lethal concentrations of this insecticide from the donor to recipient was observed and established in this study.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
63
71
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28645_2598461051b6f1e5d7c65d5605769caf.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28645
A Comparison of Life History Parameters of Hippodamia variegata Feeding on either Aphis gossypii Glover or Acyrthosiphon pisum
emad
mohajeri parizi
دانشجوی ارشد دانشگاه یوعلی سینا
author
hossein
madadi
استادیار بوعلی سینا همدان
author
hossein
alahyari
دانشیار دانشگاه تهران
author
mohammad reza
mehrnejad
دانشیار موسسه پسته رفسنجان
author
text
article
2012
per
Ladybird beetles are of a special standing in aphid biological control. They attack different aphid species and play an important role in suppressing aphid populations. One of the most conspicuous Coccinellids namely Hippodamia variegata, occurs in such different crops as alfalfa and vegetables. Life history parameters of this predator at 25 ± 1 ?C and 16:8 (L: D) photoperiodicity were evaluated. Different life stages of cotton as well as pea aphids were used as prey ad libitium. The results showed that intrinsic rates of increase (rm) when feeding on A. pisum and A. gossypii were 0.14 and 0.03 / day respectively. Finite rate of increase (?) was 1.15 and 1.03, net reproductive rates (R0) were 118. 49 and 3.0, mean generation Times (T) amounted to 33.33 and 33.62, and Doubling Time (DT) 4.8 and 15.79 respectively when fed on A. pisum vs
A. gossypii. The intrinsic birth rate (b) was 0.33 irrespective of prey types and death rate (d) amounting to 0.187 and 0.297. Comparing life history parameters showed that A. pisum is a more suitable prey for this predator which and could suitably be useful for mass rearing in the laboratory.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
73
81
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28646_99c50df3708f3f796df04388c56af51c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28646
Effect of Temperature on Biological Characteristics and Population Growth Parameters of Diaeretiella rapae, Parasitoid of Russian Wheat Aphid, Diuraphis noxia
zahra
tazerooni
دانشجوی دکتری تربیت مدرس
author
ali asghar
talebi
دانشیار تربیت مدرس
author
ehsan
rakhshani
استادیار دانشگاه زابل
author
text
article
2012
per
Biological characteristics and population growth parameters of Diaeretiella rapae (Hym.: Braconidae) on Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Hem.: Aphididae) were investigated at five constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 27.5 ?C), 60±5% RH and a photoperiodicity of 16:8 h (Light:Dark). Developmental period of immature stages of D. rapae was the lowest at 25 ?C (11.23±0.144 days) and highest at 10 °C (33.297±0.183 days). The highest valuesfor the of intrinsic vs finite rate of increase were obtained 0.189±0.003 day-1 and 1.208±0.003 days, at 20 °C, respectively. The developmental threshold of D. rapae using linear regression and Ikemoto-Takai linear models were estimated 2.975 and 2.44 °C, while thermal constants being estimated 250 and 260.1 degree-days, respectively. The Briere 2 model was accepted for success to satisfy criteria of goodness-of-fit (R2adi, SSE and AIC) and estimable temperature threshold parameters recommended for the description of temperature-dependent development of D. rapae. The highest adult female and male longevity of D. rapae were observed to be at 10 ?C. The maximum fecundity (numbers of mummies produced) of D. rapae was recorded as 57.1±1.7 at 10 ?C. The female offspring produced, decreased with increasing temperature. The results finaly revealed that optimal temperature for growth population of D. rapae is 20 °C.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
83
95
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28647_2a800c93778cd0fe011493b54fde56d1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28647
Digestive Carbohydrases in the Larva of the Leopard Moth, Zeuzera pyrina (Lep.: Cossidae)
mohammad
vatan parast
دانشجوی ارشد دانشگاه تهران
author
vahid
hosseini naveh
دانشیار دانشگاه تهران
author
jamasb
nozari
استادیار دانشگاه تهران
author
seyede minoo
sajadian
دانشجوی ارشد دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2012
per
The leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina, is a key and worldwide pest damaging walnut as well as many other fruit trees during the larval stages. Larvae were collected from infested twigs of walnut trees. Midguts from larvae were removed under a stereomicroscope and their homogenates used as the enzyme source. Larval midgut extracts showed an optimum activity at pH 8.0, 6.0 and 6.0 for ?-amylase, ?- and ?-glucosidase respectively. Optimal temperatures for ?-amylase, ?- and ?-glucosidase activity were determined to be 35, 35 and 40 ?C respectively. ?-Amylase, ?- and ?-glucosidase were respectively more stable at pHs 7.0-9.0, 6.0-8.0 and 6.0-8.0. However, the enzymes showed to be more stable at pH 8.0 (?-amylase) and 6.0 (?- and ?-glucosidase). ?-Glucosidase activity significantly decreased in the presence of Ca2+, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Ca2+ decreased activity of ?-glucosidase as well. The ions K+ and Na+ did not significantly affect the ?-glucosidase activity but increased the activity of ?-glucosidase. SDS decreased ?-glucosidase activity at higher concentrations. Ca2+ and K+ significantly increased the activity of ?-amylase. SDS significantly affected ?-amylase activity. PAGE-substrate experiments on larval midgut extract showed two bands of ?-amylase and one band of each ?- and ?-glucosidase activity. It is hoped that these findings help to plan strategies for creating transgenic plants resistant to provide the healthy controls.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
97
109
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28648_518231c0a19dd3f32ae7c59ca863386e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28648
Biology of Venturia canescens, a Larval Parasitoid of Carob Moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae under Laboratory Conditions
hossein
keishani farahani
دانشجوی ارشد دانشگاه تهران
author
seyed hossein
goldansaz
دانشیار دانشگاه تهران
author
hossein
allahyari
دانشیار دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2012
per
The carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae) is the most important pest of pomegranate orchards in Iran. This current research was carried out to study the biology of Venturia canescens Gravenhorst (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) as one of its larval parasitoids. Laboratory studies were conducted on the immature developmental time, adult longevity, functional response, parasite progeny production and host stage preference of V. canescens. At 25 ± 1 ?C, the immature developmental time (egg to adult) was 31.06 ± 0.59 d, 27.9± 0.86 d and 22.86 ± 0.3d for third, fourth and fifth host age respectively. Adult females survived on the average 15.87± 0.31, 11.77± 0.21, and 4.07± 0.14, 2.7± 0.14d at 25 ?C when provided with honey and water, honey only, water only or no food source, respectively. Female V. canescens typically oviposited into higher larval stages, with significantly more fifth than the third or fourth instars parasitized. Logistic regression indicated a type II functional response on the fifth host larval age. The oviposition activity peak ooccured on the 8th day following emergence and when provided with honey and 10% sucrose solution. The results finally revealed that the fifth host larval age may constitute the best stage for mass production of the parasitoid.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
111
119
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28649_5d24712cf20f9dd4058b778ccb1feb7f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28649
Biological Control of Root Knot Nematode of Tomato Meloidogyne javanica with Trichoderma harzianum BI and Salicylic Acid in Greenhouse and an Investigation of their Effect on Induction of Phenolic Compounds and Total Flavonoids on Tomato
fatemeh
naseri nasab
دانشجوی ارشد پردیس ابوریحان
author
navazollah
sahebani
استادیار پردیس ابوریحان
author
hasan reza
etebarian
استاد پردیس ابوریحان
author
text
article
2012
per
Tomato seedlings were inoculated with T. harzianum BI (106 spores/ml) and salicylic acid (5Mm) other separately or combined together in the greenhouse environment. The effect of salicylic acid was investigated on growth of antagonistic agent in vitro. For an investigation of the effect of salicylic acid and of antagonist on pathogenecity factor, treatment with T. harzianum BI by drenching soil method and salicylic acid by spray method exerted the most effect on decrease of the disease severity in greenhouse, (92% reduction for gall number, 65% reduction for egg mass number and 95% reduction for egg number per egg sac). In the second section of the study the ability of antagonist and salicylic acid on induction of phenolic compounds and on total flavonoids. The level of phenolic compounds and total flavonoids was evaluated in a duration of from 1 to 8 day(s) following inoculation with nematode. The amount of total flavonoids in the integration treatment showed significant difference as compared with control. The amount of total phenol increased from first to forth day after inoculation with nematode, and then it decreased in T. harzianum BI and salicylic acid treatment. The results showed the integration application of chemical inducer, salicylic acid and antagonistic agent, T. harzianum BI to increase the power of biological control in comparison with their separate application.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
121
131
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28650_98c0e920556811718b1156f6747a3145.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28650
A Comparison of the Relative Resistance of some Tomato Cultivars to the Cotton-Melon Aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hom.: Aphidiae), under Greenhouse Conditions
elham
kobari
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد محقق اردبیلی
author
ghadir
noori
استاد محقق اردبیلی
author
seyed ali asghar
fathi
استادیار محقق اردبیلی
author
text
article
2012
per
The cotton-melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hom.: Aphidiae), is an injuriously important pest of tomatoes in farms and greenhouses. In the greenhouse environment its damage ranks second to whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw.). In this research the resistance of nine different tomato cultivars namely: Strian, Caligen, Super Bita, Super Strian, Super Af1, HAS2274, GS-12-f1, Sun-6200 f1 and Calj was investigated in greenhouse environment. Antixenosis studies showed the lowest number of aphids on Super Strian and the highest on Calj. Antibiosis experiments revealed the longest and shortest mean developmental times of the aphid nymphs on HAS2274 (6.9 day) and Calj (5.4 day) respectively. The highest and lowest rm values were obtained for Calj (0.306 day -1) and HAS2274 (0.185 day -1), respectively. The highest and lowest oviposition periods were observed on Calj (12.6 day) and HAS2274 (5.9 day), respectively. Tolerance level on Calj was the lowest while those of the cultivars Super Strian, Super Bita and HAS2274 were higher in comparison with the others. Based on the three mechanisms of resistance it was concluded that HAS2274 and Calj were the most resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars respectively to the cotton-melon aphid among the cultivars studied.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
133
141
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28651_a0cbfffa91e476dfcc7918061a46c4a1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28651
Thermal Requirements of Sitoibion avenae (Hem.: phididae) and its Prasitoid, Proan volucre (Hym.: Braconidae)
afrooz
farhad
دانشجوی ارشد تربیت مدرس
author
ali asghar
talebi
دانشیار تربیت مدرس
author
yaghoob
fathi poor
استاد تربیت مدرس
author
text
article
2012
per
The grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the injuriously important pests of wheat and Praon volucre (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is one of its major parasitoids in Iran. In this research, thermal requirements of the grain aphid and its parasitoid were evaluated at six constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 27.5 and 30 °C), 60 ± 5 % relative humidity and a photoperiodicity of 16:8 h (light:dark) on wheat crop (Pishtaz cultivar). Developmental time of the grain aphid decreased from 25.46 days at 10 to 8.48 days at 25 °C. The developmental time of the parasitoid decreased significantly as temperature increased whithin the range of 10-25 °C. The relationship between temperature and developmental rates of S. avenae and P. volucre were determined employing linear vs nonlinear models. The lower temperature thresholds (estimated by linear model) were 2.7 and 4.3 °C for aphid vs parasitoid, respectively. Thermal constant from egg to adult emergence for grain aphid and its parasitoid were estimated 176.6 and 284.09 degree-days, respectively. The Analytis-3 developmental model was recommended for description of temperature dependent development of S.avenae while the logan-6 and logan-10 developmental models for P.volucrae, as based on their excellent goodness-of-fit to the data (R2adi, SSE and AIC).
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
143
154
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28652_4dcd6ea1692eefe30c7f7244dc5780c5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28652
An Identification and Pathogenecity Study of Alternaria spp. of Tomato and Potato in West Azerbaijan Province
zahra
hajipoor
دانشجوی ارشد دانشگاه آزاد
author
yobert
ghoosta
استادیار دانشگاه ارومیه
author
saeed
rezayi
استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
author
text
article
2012
per
To identify the Alternaria spp. pathogenic to tomato and potato, surveys of tomato and potato fields were made during 2009- 2010 in West Azerbaijan province. In total about 261 isolates belonging to Alternaria genus were isolated and purified. Based on morphological studies 6 species, namely: A. alternata, A.tenuissima, A. interrupta, A. arborescense, A. brassicina and A. tomatophila from tomato and 3 species viz. A. mimicola, A. humuli and A. brassicina from potato were identified. Four species of: A. alternata, A. tenuissima, A. arborescense and A. tomatophila had been already reported on tomato crop previously. In this study it was found that 3 species of A. mimicola, A. humuli and A. brassicina were new to the mycoflora of Iran, These three species, were isolated from potato along with two other species of A. interrupta and A. brassicina , isolated from tomato , were reported for the first time accross the world. Pathogenecity studies of the isolates of identified species were done on the potato cultivar Agria and the tomato cultivar 282 BSS, Their pathogenecity was being through Koch’s principles. All the studied species were pathogenic on potato and tomato, although the pathogenic isolates belonging to various species differed from each other. The most abundant belonged to species A. tenuissima and A. arborescense while A. arborescense, and A. tomatophila species were recorded as the most pathogenic.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
155
163
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28653_ea1ac8353036b9d615495efadce3b3c6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28653
A Study of the Relationship between Population Fluctuations of Sunn Pest Eurygaster integriceps and Environmental Factors in East Azarbaijan Province
roghaye
karimzade
استاد یار دانشگاه تبریز
author
mir jalil
hejazi
استاد دانشگاه تبریز
author
hossein
hellali
استادیار دانشگاه تبریز
author
shahzad
iranipoor
دانشیار دانشگاه تبریز
author
seyed abolghasem
mohammadi
استاد دانشگاه تبریز
author
text
article
2012
per
Sunn pest is considered as the most important insect pest of wheat and barley in Iran. Different studies have shown that various biotic and abiotic factors affect sunn pest populations. These factors can influence the population density of the pest which in turn can play a role in the control of the pest. In this study the relationship between sunn pest population fluctuations and climatic conditions, the area under wheat and barley cultivation as well as the area under chemical control was investigated. In addition, the possible influence of overwintering adults’ weight and environmental factors on sunn pest mortality in the overwintering sites was studied. Field data were collected from six infested counties of East Azarbaijan province, including Tabriz, Bostanabad, Sarab, Mianeh, Heris and Hashtrood during three study years. From the variables under study, only mean weights of the overwintering insects, altitude, mean monthly minimum relative humidity, as well as rainfall during the months of December, January, February and March indicated significant relationships with sunn pest mortality in the overwintering sites. The relationship between the area under wheat and barley cultivation and sunn pest population changes was not significant but there was a close relationship observed between the area under chemical control and sunn pest population fluctuations. Similar studies in other regions with long history of sunn pest outbreaks will produce valuable information that can be helpful in predicting sunn pest outbreaks.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
165
177
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28654_88da559e3654ca0349aaeb803467f781.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28654
Host Range and Partial Molecular Characterization of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Isolates in Kerman Province
fateme
mangoli
دانشجوی ارشد دانشگاه باهنر کرمان
author
hossein
massomi
دانشیار دانشگاه باهنرکرمان
author
jahangir
heydarnejad
دانشیار باهنرکرمان
author
akbar
hosseini poor
دانشیار باهنرکرمان
author
text
article
2012
per
Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) is one of the most conspicuous alfalfa viruses in the world. In order to identify the distribution, host range and molecular characterization of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Kerman province, 514 alfalfa samples showing mosaic, Calico, mottle and malformation symptoms as well as 66 potato samples showing calico symptoms were collected from alfalfa and potato fields in Kerman, Jiroft, Kahnooj, Shahrbabak, Baft, Sirjan and Bardsir regions, Kerman Province. Infection of samples was analyzed through, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In host range studies, AlMV isolates induced different symptoms on several varieties of Nicotiana tabacum L. From among all the Iranian AlMV isolates, only two, namely: Ke. Si. Al, and Ke. Ba. Al caused different viral symptoms including enation and necrotic local lesions on Datura maxima, respectively. As Based on geographical location and biological properties, four isolates were selected for molecular investigation. The whole Coat Protein (CP) gene from four AlMV isolates (three alfalfa and one potato isolate) were PCR-amplified, cloned, sequenced and compared with the counterpart sequences available in the GeneBank. The CP gene of four Iranian isolates of AlMV showed nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities in the ranges between 92.9-98.3 and 91.9-100%, respectively. In phylogenetic analysis, all the four Iranian AlMV isolates were clustered in the Italian group. This is the first report on biology and CP sequence analysis of AlMV isolates from Kerman province in Iran.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
179
189
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28655_1708eff478267ac7c413882313741d77.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28655
Biodiversity of Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) Associated with Onion and Alfalfa Fields in Mashhad and Chenaran Regions
Morteza
rasekh
دانشجوی سابق ارشد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
hossein
sadeghi
دانشیار فردوسی مشهد
author
mojtaba
hosseini
استادیار فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2012
per
The diversity and abundance of bees associated with alfalfa and onion fields in Mashhad and Chenaran were evaluated from mid June until late October 2010. Considering the type and flowering period of the studied crops, by using a standard sweeping net, either a weekly or biweekly sampling program of apoid bees were carried out in selected fields for both crops. As a result, 17 species of 15 genera belonging to 6 families of super family Apoidea were identified. Among the identified species Anthidium diadema (Latreille1809) is a new species recorded for Iran while 7 genera and 5 species reported for the first time for Razavi Khorasan province. The species, Anthidium florentinum with relative abundances of 29.16% and 28.14% in Mashhad and Chenaran respectively were the dominant bee in alfalfa, and in onion fields, the genus Andrena sp. with relative abundance of 30 % in Mashhad and 42.2% in Chenaran was recognized as the dominant bees. Statistically, both the effects of crop type and site of study as well as the interaction of crop × site on Shannon-Wiener index of biodiversity were significant. The value of this index for alfalfa was the highest in Mashhad (1.92) and lowest in Chenaran (1.78). The Sorenson index of similarity between bees community of alfalfa in Mashhad and Chenaran, onion of Mashhad and Chenaran and between alfalfa and onion were respectively 0.81, 0.60 and 0.54, indicating a high similarity between apoid fauna of alfalfa fields in the two different regions. Considering the importance of the functions of biodiversity of insect pollinators in agroecosystems, for protection and as well for its optimum utilization, extensive understanding of the characteristics, temporal and spatial distribution of its affecting components, namely pollinator wasps is required emphatically.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
191
199
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28656_6d8572d8095ca3c88f03ab2e1a470eb6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28656
The Effect of the Time of Day and Different Day Length Conditions on Foraging Behavior of an Aphid Parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum on Aphis fabae Scopoli
arash
rasekh
استادیار شهیدچمران اهواز
author
hossein
allahyari
دانشیار دانشگاه تهران
author
ghodratollah
sabahi
استادیار دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2012
per
Animals that can estimate their desirable habitat quality are better able to accordingly adapt their life behaviors. The life cycles of parasitoids are so closely adapted as to match their hosts life behavior. Among the various host-parasitoid interactions, a peculiarity is the seasonal synchrony between host and parasitoid activity. The foraging and oviposition behaviors of Lysiphlebus fabarum as influenced by (1) a female’s previous experience of encountering different day length conditions in larval and in adult stages and (2) the time of day are investingated in this study. In order to test, L. fabarum females were individually released onto bean leaf disks infested with A. fabae and while continuous observations being made, the females’ proportional time allocations were assessed. Furthermore, numbers of aphid defensive behaviors including kicking, raising and swiveling of the body, releasing the plant and escape from attack and well as attempts to smear the attacker with cornicle secretions were recorded. Wasps that experienced only short day conditions spent more time in arenas than wasps that experienced other conditions, obtaining higher scores for the incidence and duration of all behaviors associated with parasitism. Furthermore, the females of this treatment parasitized more aphids than the two treatments the larvae of which were developed under long day conditions. Because of the high effect of treatment on patch residence time, the incidence or duration of various behaviors was expressed as a fraction of patch residence time and then re-analyzed. Data showed that the incidence and duration of all the behaviors were higher for females the larvae of which developed only under longlasting days. In the second experiment, foraging females behaved no differently in patch residence times, incidence or duration of various behaviors, and the number of aphids parasitized within the patch, either in the morning or in the afternoon
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
University of Tehran
2008-4781
43
v.
1
no.
2012
201
210
https://ijpps.ut.ac.ir/article_28657_f704f6ffa7669e2d4063efd1d6dd53b3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijpps.2012.28657