Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science

Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science

The effects of different concentrations of borax on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme system activities of Microcerotermes diversus (Isoptera: Termitidae)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Mina Darmiani 1
Behzad Habibpour 2
Payman Hassibi 2
1 M.Sc. Student and Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
10.22059/ijpps.2018.242578.1006803
Abstract
Microcerotermes diversus is an important pest of wooden and cellulosic products in diverse landscapes across Iran, including Khuzestan province. Borate toxicants (including borax) as environmentally sound pesticides affect insects by disrupting their physiology and metabolism. In this study, we measured activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation as biomarkers to determine the level of added oxidative stress in M. diversus caused by exposure to borax differentconcentrations. Then we measured the effects of four concentrations of borax, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4%, on oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) as a product of lipid peroxidation, and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbat peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POX) on worker caste of termites. Each of trials was carried out in four replicates. Results showed that with increasing of borax concentration, the concentration of MDA significantly increased and GR and APX significantly decreased. The highest and lowest SOD activity compared with the control treatment occurred with the 2% and 3% borax treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest amount of CAT activity occurred in the 3% and 4%, and POX activity 4% and 3% borax treatments, respectively. Results showed that of the treatments termites’ with different concentrations of borax affected the stress biomarker including malondialdehyde, POX, CAT, GR, APX and SOD antioxidant enzyme levels. Therefore, antioxidant enzymes and MDA can be used as biomarkers to determine the effects of insecticides in the termite body.
Keywords
Biomarker
borates
oxidative stress
Malondialdehyde
  1. Ahmad, S., Duval, D. L., Weinhold, L. C. & Pardini, R. S. (1991). Cabbage looper antioxidant enzymes: Tissue specificity. Insect Biochemistry, 21, 563-572.
  2. Ahmad, S. (1992). Biochemical defence of pro-oxidant plant allelochemicals by herbivorous insects. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology Journal, 20, 269-296.
  3. Aki, S., Maenishi, K., Kawabata, A. & Amada, T. (2016). Efficacy of the novel termiticide guntoner® sc against termites.Sumitomo Kagaku Report, 1-10.
  4. Asada, K. & Takahashi, M. (1987): Production and scavenging of active oxygen in photosynthesis. In: Kyle, D.J., Osmond, C.B. & Arntzen, C.J. (Eds), Photoinhibition Topics in Photosynthesis. (pp.227-287). Springer Science.
  5. Aucoin, R. R., Philogene, B. J. R. & Arnason, J. T. (1991). Antioxidant enzymes as biochemical defenses against phototoxin-induced oxidative stress in three species of herbivorous Lepidoptera. Archive of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 16, 139-152.
  6. Beers, R. F. & Sizer, I. (1952). A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen by catalase. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 195(1), 40-133.
  7. Beyer, W. F. & Fridovich, I. (1987). Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: some large consequences of minor changes in condition. Analytical Biochemistry, 161, 559-566.
  8. Buyukguzel, K. (2006). Malathion-induced oxidative stress in a parasitoid wasp: Effect on adult emergence, longevity, fecundity, oxidative and antioxidative response of the Pimpla turionellae. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, 1225-1234.
  9. Buyukguzel, E. & Kalender, Y. (2007). Penicillin- induced oxidative stress: effects on antioxidative response of midgut tissues in instars of Galleria mellonella. Journal of Economic Entomology, 102(1), 152-159.
  10. Buyukguzel, E. (2009). Evidance of oxidative and antioxidative responses by Galleria mellonella larvae to Malathion. Journal Economic Entomology, 102(1), 152-159.
  11. Buyukguzel, E., Buyukguzel, K., Snela, M., Erdem, M., Radtke, K., Zeimnicki, K., & Adamski, Z. (2013). Effect of boric acid on antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation and ultrastructure of midgut and fat body of Galleria mellonella. Cell Biology and Toxicology, 29, 117-129.
  12. Carlberg, I. & Mannervik, B. A. (1985). Glutathione reductase. Methods Enzymology, 113, 484-490.
  13. Evans, T. A. (2009). Rapid elimination on field colonies of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) using bistrifluron solid bait pellets. Journal of Economic Entomology, 103(2), 423-432.
  14. Felton, G. W. & Summers, C. B. (1995). Antioxidant system in insects. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 29, 187-197.
  15. Felton, G. (1995). Antioxidant defenses of invertebrates and vertebrates. In: Ahmad S (Ed),   Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defenses in Biology. (pp. 356-434.). New York: Chapman & Hall.
  16. Freeman, M. H., McIntyre, C. R. & Jackson, D. (2009). A critical and comprehensive review of boron in wood preservation. In: Proceedings of the American Wood Protection Association, 105, 279-294.
  17. Gentz, M. & Grace, J. K. (2006). A review of boron toxicity in insects with an emphasis of termites. Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology, 23(4), 201-207.
  18. Grace, J. K. (1997). Review of recent research on the use of borates for termite prevention. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Wood Protection with Diffusible Preservatives and Pesticides, Madison, Wisconsin, USA: 85-92.
  19. Habibpour, B. (2006). Laboratory and field evaluation of bait- toxicants for suppression of subterranean termite populations in Ahwaz (Iran). Ph. D. Thesis., College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. 143pp. (in Farsi)
  20. Hao, Z., Kasumba, I. & Aksoy, S. (2003). Proventriculus (cardia) plays a crucial role in immunity in tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidiae). Insect Biochemisry and Molocular Biology, 33, 1155-1164.
  21. Hermes-Lima, M. & T. Zenteno-Sav, N. (2002). Animal response to drastic changes in oxygen availability and physiological oxidative stress. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology, 133, 537-56.
  22. Hickey, C. D. (2006). Effects of Disodium Octaborate Tetrahydrate in Ethylene Glycol on consumption and mortality of the eastern subterranean termite. M.Sc. thesis, University of Florida, USA. 57pp.
  23. Hu, X. P., Song, D. & Anderson, C. (2007). Effect of imidacloprid granules on subterranean termite foraging activity in ground touching non-structural wood. Sociobiology, 50(3), 1-6.
  24. Hyrsl, P., Buyukguzel, E. & Buyukguzel, K. (2007). The effects of boric acid-induced oxidative stress on antioxidant enzymes and survivorship in Galleria mellonella. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 66, 23-31.
  25. Kalow, W. & Grant, D. M. (1995). Pharmacogenetics. In: The metabolic and molecular based of inherited disease. (pp. 349-354.) McGraw- Hill Medical.
  26. Kashiwagi, A., Kashiwagi, K., Takase, M., Hanada, H. & Nakamura, M. (1997). Comparison of catalase in diploid and haploid Rana rugosa using heat and chemical inactivation techniques. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 118, 499-503.
  27. Kolawole, A. O., Olajuyigbe, F. M., Ajele, J. O. & Aderdire, C. O. (2014). Activity of the antioxidant defense system in a typical bio insecticide and synthetic treated cowpea storage beetle Callosobrochus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomellidae). International Journal of Insect Science, 6, 99-108.
  28. Janero, D. R. (1990). Malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactivity as diagnostic indices of lipid peroxidation and peroxidative tissue injury. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 9, 515-540.
  29. Livingstone, D. R. (2001). Contaminant-stimulated reactive oxygen species production and oxidative damage in aquatic organisms. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 42(8), 656-666.
  30. Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. & Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent.  Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193, 453-464.
  31. Mader, M., Ungemach, J. & Schloss, P. (1980). The role of peroxidase isozyme groups of Nicotiana tabacum in hydrogen peroxide formation. Planta, 147, 467-470.
  32. Maistrello, L., Henderson, G. & Laine, R. A. (2001). Effects of nookatone and a borate compound on Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) and its symbiont protozoa. Journal of Entomology Science, 36, 229-236.
  33. Mates, J. M., Perez-Gomez, C. & Decastro, I. N. (1999). Antioxidant enzymes and human diseases. Clinical Biochemistry, 32, 595-603.
  34. McCord, J. M. (2000). The evolution of free radicals and oxidative stress. American Journal of Medicine, 108(8), 652-659.
  35. Nakano, Y. & Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiology, 22, 867-880.
  36. Parapanthadara, L., Hemingway, J. & Ketterman, A. J. (1993). Partial purification and characterization of glutathione s-transferases involved in DDT resistance from the mosquito Anapheles gambia. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 47, 119-133.
  37. Polle, A., Otter, T. & Seifert, T. (1994). Apoplastic peroxidase and lignification in needles of Norway spurce (picea abies L.). Plant Physiology, 106(1), 53-60.
  38. Raha S. & Robinson B. H. (2000). Mitochondria, oxygen free radicals, disease and ageing. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 25(10), 502-508.
  39. Summers, C. B. & Felton, G. W. (1994). Prooxidant effects of phenolics acids on the generalist herbivore Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Potential mode of action for phenolic compounds in plant anti-herbivore chemistry. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 24, 43-953.
  40. Stewart, R. C. & Beweley J. D. (1980). Lipid peroxidation associated with accelerated aging of soybean axes. Plant Physiology, 65, 245-248.
  41. Toth, L.T. (2000). Defining the moribund condition as an experimental endpoint for animal research. Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, 41, 72-79.
  42. Usta, M., Ustaomer, D., Kartel, S. N. & Ondaral, S. (2009). Termite resistance of MDF panels treated with various boron compounds. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10, 2789-2797.
  43. Vecera, J. (2011). The role of insect adipokinetic hormones in oxidative stress. Ph.D. thesis. University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, School of Doctoral Studies in Biological Sciences. Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
  44. Waldbauer, G. P. (1968). The consumption and utilization of foods by insects. Advance in Insect Physiology,5, 229-288.
  45. Weirich, G. F., Collins, A. M. & Williams, V. P. (2002). Antioxidant enzymes in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Apidologie, 33, 3-14.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
Volume 49, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
September 2018
Pages 121-130

  • Receive Date 28 September 2017
  • Revise Date 03 March 2018
  • Accept Date 06 March 2018