Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science

Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science

Comparison between natives honey bee (Apis mellifera meda) and Carniolan hybrid ‎races (Apis mellifera carnica) in Hamedan province‎

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Shahram Dadgostar 1
Sahar Delkash Roudsari 1
Jamasb Nozari 2
Gholamhossein Tahmasbi 3
Vahid Hosseini Naveh 4
1 Ph.D. Candidate of Entomology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of ‎Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Associate Professor, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Professor of Bee Section, Institute of Animal Science Research, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, ‎Karaj, Iran ‎
4 Professor, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
10.22059/ijpps.2019.249277.1006822
Abstract
Honey bee is one of the most important pollinator and producer insects that have a high economic and environmental value. Different hybrids and subtypes for this insect have been introduced around the world with respect to the climate. One of the races is Apis mellifera meda with some characters. Unfortunately, in the recent years with importing honey bees from foreign countries, this race became impure. In this study we compare somecharactersof native honey bee races with Carniolan hybrid in Hamedan province that is the famous area for queen rearing. For this purpose 3 angels in forewing including A4, D7 and G18, length and width of fore and hind wings and proboscis length were evaluated in 50 individuals from each population (n= 50 for native and n= 50 for hybrid honey bees). Dinocapture and Digimizer software data were used to calculate. The results of the research showed that two angles and widths of fore and hind wing and proboscis length have significant differences but other characters didn't have any difference. These differences in two races may be due to methods of evaluating, differences in gene pools and problems importing queen.
Keywords
Apis mellifera meda
Apis mellifera carnica
cubital index
honey bee
proboscis
  1. Abou-Shaara, H. F. & Al-Ghamdi, A. A. (2012). Studies on wings symmetry and honeybee races discrimination by using standard and geometric morphometrics. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 28, 575-584.
  2. Abou-Shaara, H. F., AL-Ghamdi, A. A. & Mohamed, A. A. (2013). Body morphological characteristics of honey bees. Agricultura, 10(1-2), 45- 49.
  3. Abou-Shaara, H. F., Draz, K. A., Al-Aw, M. & Eid, K. (2102). Stability of honey bee morphological characteristics within open populations. Uludag Bee Journal, 12, 31- 37.
  4. Adegbola, A. A. & Onayinka, E. A. O. (1976). A review of range management problems in the souther guinea and derived savanna zones of Nigeria. Tropical grasslands, 10(1), 22- 29.
  5. Ajao, A. M. (2012). Comparative Studies on Ecology and Morphometrics of Reared and Feral honey bees in Geological Zones of Kwara State, Nigeria. Phd Thesis. Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta.
  6. Ajao, A. M., Oladimeji, Y. U., Idowu, A. B., Babatunde, S. K. & Obembe, A. (2014). Morphological characteristics of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Kwara State, Nigeria. International. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4 (4), 171-175.
  7. Bartholomew, G. A. (1977). Body temperature and energy metabolism. In Animal Physiology: Principles and Adaptations, 3rd ed., (ed. M. S. Gordon). (pp. 364-449.). New York, London: MacMillan.
  8. Baudry, E., Solignac, M., Garnery, L., Gries, M., Cornuet, J. M. & Koeniger, N. (2009). Relatedness among honey bees (Apis mellifera) of a drone congregation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 26)5(, 2009-2014.
  9. Bazzaz, F. A. (1998). Tropical forests in a future climate: changes in the biological diversity and impact on the global carbon cycle. Climatic Change, 39, 317-336.
  10. Bienefeld, K., Tahmasebi, G. H., Keller, R., Kauhausen-Keller, D. & Ruttner, F. (1996). Report on present situation of Apis mellifera meda in Iran, Apidologie, 27, 307-308.
  11. Bookstein, F. L. (1991). Morphometric tools for landmark data Geometry and Biology. Cambridge University Press.
  12. Buco, S. M., Rinderer, T. E., Sylvester, H. A., Collins, A. M., Lan-caster, V. A. & Crewe, R. M. (1987). Morphometric dierences between South American Africanized and South African (Apis mellifera scutellata) honey bees. Apidologie, 18, 217-222.
  13. Case, T. M. (1980). Flight energetics and heat exchange of gypsy moths in relation to air temperature. Journal of Experimental Biology, 88, 133-145.
  14. Casey, T. M. (1981). Behavioral mechanisms of thermoregulation. In Insect Thermoregulation, (ed. B. Heinrich). (pp. 79-114.). New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  15. Cena, K. & Clark, J. A. (1972). Effect of solar radiation on temperatures of working honey bees. Nature Land, 236, 222-223.
  16. Chappell, M. A. (1982). Temperature regulation of carpenter bees (Xylocopa califomica) foraging in the Colorado Desert of Southern California. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 55, 267- 280.
  17. Crewe, R. M., Hepburn, H. R. & Moritz, R. F. A. (1994). Morphometric analysis of 2 southern African races of honey bee. Apidologie, 25, 61-70.
  18. Dadgostar, S. & Nozari, J. (2018). Classical and geometric morphometric methods reveal differences between specimens of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) from seven provinces of Iran. Persian journal of acarology 7(1), 51-60.
  19. Delaney, D. A., Mexiner, M. D., Schiff, N. M. & Sheppared, W. S. (2009). Genetic characterization of commercial honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) populations in the United States by using mitochondrial and microsatellite markers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 102(4), 666- 673.
  20. Diniz-Filho, J. A. F. & Malaspina, O. (1995). Evolution and population structure of Africanized honey bees in Brazil: Evidence from Spital analysis of morphometric data. Evolution, 49, 1172-1179.
  21. Edriss, M. A., Mostajeran, M. & Ebadi, R. (2002). Correlation between honey yield and morphological traits of honey bee in Isfahan. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 6(2), 91-103.
  22. Eischen, E. A., Rothenbuhler, W. C. & Kulincevic, J. M. (1982). Length of life and dry weight of worker honey bees reared in colonies with different worker larva ratios. Journal of Apicultural Research, 21, 19-25.
  23. Farshineh, A. D. L., Gençer, H. V., Firatli, C. & Bahreini, R. (2007). Morphometric characterization of Iranian (Apis mellifera meda), Central Anatolian (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) and Caucasian (Apis mellifera caucasica) honey bee populations. Journal of Apicultural Research and Bee World, 46(4), 225-231.
  24. Francoy, T. M., Wittmann, D., Drauschke, M., Muller, S., Steinhage, V., Jong, D. et al. (2009). Morphometrics and genetic changes in a population of Apis mellifera after 34 years of Africanization. Genetics and Molecular Research, 8, 709-717.
  25. Francoy, T. M., Wittmann, D., Drauschke, M., Müller, S., Steinhage, V., Bezerra-Laure, M. A. F. et al. (2008). Identification of Africanized honey bees through wing morphometrics: two fast and efficient procedures. Journal of Apidologie, 39(5), 488- 494.
  26. Francoy, T., Prado, P. R. R., Goncalves, L. S., Costa, L. F. & Jong, D. D. (2006). Morphometric difference in a single wing cell and discriminate Apis mellifera racial type. Apidologie, 37, 91-97.
  27. Ftayeh, A., Meixner, M. & Fuchs, S. (1994). Morphometrical investigation in Syrian honeybees. Apidologie, 25, 396-401.
  28. Garnery, L., Sheppard, W. S., Baylac, M. & Arnold, G. (2004). Genetic diversity of European honey bees. First European Conference of Apidology, Udine 19-23 September, 35pp.
  29. Gomeh, H., Nazemi Rafie, J. & Modaber, M. (2016). Comparison of standard and geometric morphometric methods for discrimination of honey bee populations (Apis mellifera L.) in Iran. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 4(1), 47-53.
  30. Guler, A. A. (2010). Morphometric model for determining the effect of commercial queen bee usage on the native honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) population in a Turkish province. Apidologie, 41, 622- 635.
  31. Hatjina, F., Haristos, L. & Bouga, M. (2004). Geometric morphometrics analysis of honey bee populations from Greek mainland, Ionian islands and Crete Island. Proceedings of the First European Conference of Apidology, Udine, Italy pp.44.
  32. Heinrich, B. (1986). Mechanisms of body-temperature regulation in honey bees, Apis mellifera. II. Regulation of thoracic temperature at high air temperatures. Journal of Experimental Biology, 85, 73-87.
  33. Kandemir, İ., Kence, M. & Kence, A. (2005). Morphometric and electrophoretic variation in different honey bees (Apis mellifera) population. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 29, 885-890.
  34. Karacaoğlu, M. & Fıratlı, Ç. (1998). Bazı Anadolu Bal arısı Ekotipleri (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) ve melezlerinin özellikleri, I. Morfolojik özellikleri Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 22, 17-21.
  35. Marghitas, A. L., Paniti-Teleky, O., Dezmirean, D., Margaoan, R., Bojan, C., Coroian, C., Laslo, L. & Moise, A. (2008). Morphometric dierences between honey bees (Apis mellifera carpatica) Populations from Transylvanian area. Zootehnie Si Biotehnologii, 41, 309-315.
  36. Mazeed, A. M. M. (2004). Microtaxonomy of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Egypt using wing venation pattern. Bulletin of aculty of Agriculture of Cairo University, 55(2), 273- 284.
  37. Meixner, D. M., Miroslaw, W., Jerzy, W., Fuchs, S. & Nikolaus, K. (2007). Apis mellifera mellifera range in Eastern Europe morphometric variation and determination of its limits. Apidologie, 38, 1-7.
  38. Miguel, I., Baylac, M., Iriondo, M., Manzano, C., Garnery, L. & Estonba, A. (2011). Both geometric morphometric and microsatellite data consistently support the differentiation of the Apis mellifera M evolutionary branch. Journal of Apidologie, 42, 151-166.
  39. Miladenovic, M., Rados, R., Stanisavljevic, L. Z. & Rasic, S. (2011). Morphometric traits of the yellow honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) from Vojvodina (Northern Serbia). Archives of Biological Sciences, 63, 251-257.
  40. Milne, C. P. J. R. & Pries, K. J. (1984). Honey bee orbicular size and honey production. Journal of Apicultural Research, 23(1), 11-14.
  41. Milne, C. P. J. R., Hellmich, R. L. & Pries, K. J. (1986). Corbicular size in workers from honey bee lines selected for high or low pollen hoarding. Journal of Apicultural Research, 25, 50-52.
  42. Mostajeran, M. A., Edriss, M. A. & Basiri, M. R. (2002). Heritabilities and correlations for colony traits and morphological characteristics in honey bee (Apis mellifera meda), Isfahan university of technology. 17th world congress on genetic applied to livectocks production, Montpellier, France, session 7 August 19-23.
  43. Mostajeran, M. Edriss, M. A. & Basiri, M. R. (2006). Analysis of Colony and Morphological Characters in honey Bees (Apis mellifera meda). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9, 2685-2688.
  44. Papachristoforou, A., Rortais, A., Bouga, M., Arnol, G. & Garnery, L. (2013). Genetic characterization of the cyprian honey bee (Apis mellifera cypria) based on microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms. Journal apiculture science, 57, 127-134.
  45. Radlo, S. E., Hepburn, R. & Bagay, L. J. (2003). Quantitative analysis of intracolonial and intercolonial morphometric variance in honey bees, Apis mellifera and Apis cerana. Apidologie, 34, 339-351.
  46. Rahimi, A. & Mirmoayedi, A. (2013). Evaluation of morphological characteristics of honey bee Apis mellifera meda (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Mazandaran (North of Iran). Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3 (13), 1280-1284.
  47. Rinderer, T. E., Buco, S. M., Rubink, W. L., Daly, H. V., Stelszer, J. A., Rigio, R. M. & Baptista, C. (1993). Morphometric identication of Africanized and European honey bees using large reference populations. Apidologe, 24, 569-585.
  48. Roubik, D. W. (1978). Competitive interactions between Neotropical pollinators and Africanized honey bees. Science, 201, 1030-1032
  49. Ruttner, F. (1988). Biogeography and taxonomy of honey bees, (284 pp.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  50. Ruttner, F., Pourasghar, D. & Kauhausen, D. (1985). Die Honigbienen des Iran. 2. Apis mellifera meda Skorikow, die Persische Biene. Journal of Apidologie, 16, 241-264.
  51. Ruttner, F., Tassencourt, L. & Louveaux, J. (1978). Biometrical-statistical analysis of the geographic variability of Apis mellifera LI Material and methods. Apidologie, 9, 363-381.
  52. Shaibi, T., Fuchs, S. & Moritz, R. F. A. (2009). Morphological study of honey bees (Apis mellifera) from Libya. Apidologie, 40, 97-105.
  53. Szabo, T. I. & Lefkovitch, L. P. (1988). Fourth generation of closed population honey bee breeding 2. Relationship between morphological and colony traits. Apidologie, 19, 259-274.
  54. Szymula, J., Skowronek, W. & Bienkowska, M. (2010). Use of various morphological traits measured by microscope or by computer methods in the honey bee taxonomy. Journal of Apicultural Science, 54, 91-97.
  55. Tahmasebi, G. H., Ebadi, R., Esmaili, M. & Kambousia, J. (1998). Morphological Study of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) in Iran. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 2 (1), 89-101.
  56. Tofilski, A. (2004). Automatic determination of honeybee cubital index. First European conference of Apidology, Udine 19-23 September, 40-41.
  57. Tofilski, A. (2008). Using geometric morphometrics and standard morphometry to discriminate three honey bee subspecies. Journal of Apidologie, 39, 558-563.
  58. Vaziritabar, Sh., Aghamirkarimi, A. & Esmaeilzade, S. M. (2016). Evaluation of the defensive behavior in two honey bee races Iranian honey bee (Apis mellifera meda) and Carniolan honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) and grooming behavior of different bee races in controlling Varroa destructor mite in honey bee colonies in Iran. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 4(5), 586-602.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
Volume 50, Issue 2
February 2020
Pages 187-195

  • Receive Date 20 January 2018
  • Revise Date 17 May 2019
  • Accept Date 03 July 2019