Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
Abstract
Keywords
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Eriophyoidea mites are all herbivorous and are known as scabies mites or rust mites. These mites are plant pests and carriers of plant pathogens. Eriophyoid mites are an important group of tiny tetrapodili mites, due to their direct damage to the hosts, ability to transmit serious plant diseases and vectors of plant pathogens, and the possibility of using some of them as biological agents for weed control and food sources for predators. In some cases, the induced deformations provide sites for overwintering, and egg-laying, and provide prey for growing dense populations of natural enemies
Material and Method
Because the diversity of eriophyoid mite species is related to their high hosting specialty and their close relationship with their host plants, Sampling of different plants make it possible to study the in-and out-habitat diversity of eriophyoid mites in lands with different uses in Maku city. During the years 2020-2021, gardens, farms, and pastures of eight villages of Maku City were sampled. After identifying and counting the samples, considering the number of species and their relative abundance, species diversity indices, Shannon, Simpson, and Margalefs diversity indices were calculated at each station.
Result
It seems that contrary to the imagination, climate changes and low rainfall in 2019 have affected the species diversity of pasture plants, which has led to a decrease in the indicators of the diversity of the pasture ecosystem compared to other ecosystems that have a regular irrigation schedule. Handavar village had the highest value of Shannon-Wiener's index, and this village also showed the lowest Simpson's index, which means that the decrease in this index indicates high species diversity. Also, the investigation of different ecosystems of Mako city showed that the Shannon-Wiener index of Eriophyoidea mites in the garden ecosystem is significantly higher at the probability level of 5% compared to the agricultural and pasture ecosystems. Comparison of the species richness of three different ecosystems (farm, garden, pasture) showed that the intra-habitat species richness (alpha diversity) of the garden ecosystem compared to two ecosystems of pasture and field was significant at the five percent probability level. In other words, the number of species in the garden ecosystem was more than in the other two ecosystems, while the species richness of the farm and pasture ecosystems did not differ significantly. Contrary to expectations, there was no significant difference in species diversity of farm and pasture ecosystems.
Conclusion
The study of this small sample of eriophyoid tick diversity research is a warning sign of the loss of pasture and fodder cover in Mako City. Also, the increase in the diversity of these mites in the garden ecosystem creates this mentality resulting from previous studies that it is possible to witness a change in the behavior and preferences of eriophyoid mites over some non-productive plant species that are close to being on the side of fruitful plants.
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