Evaluation of leaf rust resistance in selected bread wheat accessions from the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Karaj, Iran

3 Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

The prevalence of wheat leaf rust has increased in recent years due to global climate change conditions. The disease spreads in warm and humid areas in the north and south regions of Iran, causing damage to the susceptible cultivars. Plant germplasms in each country hold rich reserves of resistance genes that influence biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, 100 germplasms of Iranian bread wheat which had previously shown resistance to stem rust, 10 cultivars commonly grown in Iran and two susceptible cultivars, Bolani and Morocco, were selected for greenhouse and field experiments. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of a pure isolate from the northern region of the country. The greenhouse experiment followed a completely randomized design, while the field experiment was conducted on the Iraqi-Mahalleh farm in Golestan province using an augmented experimental design. The Bolani and Morocco cultivars showed over 90% infection in the field and 4 scales in the greenhouse. The results indicate that 24.7% of the accessions and cultivars were resistant in both the greenhouse and the field. In addition, 38.1% of the accessions and cultivars were susceptible in the greenhouse but resistant in the field. Conversely, 2.9% were resistant in the greenhouse but, susceptible in the field. Finally, 34.3% exhibited susceptibility in both the greenhouse and the field. The wheat germplasms that were resistant in both conditions and those showing susceptibility in the greenhouse but, resistance in the field were selected for further investigations in developing resistant cultivars.

Keywords

Extended Abstract

Introduction

    Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is more prevalent worldwide than the other two wheat rusts. Wheat germplasm held in genebanks is an excellent source of genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and Iran, where bread wheat originated, has rich resources of disease resistance genes. Development and production of resistant cultivars is one of the most effective ways of disease management. In this research, the resistance of genetic accession and common cultivars in Iran to leaf rust has been studied.

 

 

Materials and Methods

In this research, resistance to leaf rust was evaluated in 100 purified lines from the bread wheat germplasm collection of the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran and 10 common cultivars in Iran as well as differential lines at both seedling and adult stages. The fungal isolate was collected from the Gorgan region. The isolate was purified by the single postule method, then multiplied and identified. The greenhouse experiments were conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications. The field experiment was conducted in Aragi-Mahaleh station of Gorgan, Golestan province. It was in the form of an augmented design in 5 blocks and replication of 3 cultivars, Araz, Kalate, and Tirgan. Two cultivars, Bolani and Morocco, were used as susceptible cultivars.

 

Results and discussion

The Gor01 isolate's virulence was determined based on its reaction to the differential set. It was found to be virulent on Lr22b, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr3ka, Lr3bg, Lr11, Lr12, Lr13, Lr14a, Lr14b, Lr15, Lr17, Lr22a, Lr23, Lr24, Lr25, Lr29, Lr30, Lr32, Lr33, Lr35, Lr37, Lrb, Lr13 but avirulent on Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr9, Lr10, Lr16, Lr18, Lr19, Lr20, Lr21, Lr26, (Lr10, Lr27+ Lr31), Lr28, Lr34. Among the wheat germplasms, 31% were in the susceptible (S) category, 42% were in the moderately susceptible (MS) category, 9% were in the moderately resistant (MR) category and 18% were in the resistant (R) category under greenhouse conditions. Among the varieties, Sarang was in the moderately susceptible category, and Araz and Sirvan were in the moderately resistant category. Two varieties, Bolani and Morocco, were placed in the susceptible category and other varieties were placed in the resistant category. The results of the experiment conducted under field conditions showed that 23% of the wheat germplasm had an S reaction, 16% had an MR reaction, and 3% had an MS reaction; the remaining wheat germplasms also had an R reaction. The Bolani and Morocco cultivars exhibited an S reaction, while the others showed an R reaction.

 

Conclusion

Accessions that had a longer incubation period showed a low infection type. This could be the reaction of the non-race specific gene (genes) for resistance that could phenotypically present the slow rusting reaction. Based on field and greenhouse experiments, it was found that 24.7% of the accessions and cultivars were resistant in both the greenhouse and the field. These accessions could have the all-stage resistant gene(genes) and 38.1% of the germplasms and cultivars were susceptible in the greenhouse but resistant in the field. These germplasms could have the adult plant stage resistant gene(genes). Conversely, only 2.9% showed resistance in the greenhouse but susceptibility in the field reveals the presence of new pathotypes in the field. Finally, 34.3% showed susceptibility in both the greenhouse and the field. The wheat germplasm was resistant in both conditions and those with susceptibility in the greenhouse but resistance in the field were selected for further investigation in the development of resistant cultivars.

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Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
Volume 54, Issue 2
March 2024
Pages 261-284

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  • Receive Date: 15 February 2024
  • Revise Date: 29 February 2024
  • Accept Date: 12 March 2024

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