Evaluation of the population density and infestation rate of safflower fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi (Dip.: Tephritidae) in intercropping patterns of chickpea and safflower

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Former M.Sc. Student of Agroecology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran

2 Assistant Professor and Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran

Abstract

Safflower fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the important pests of safflower in the world. The intercropping pattern can be one of the suitable and safe methods to control the pest. Therefore, the influenceof different intercropping patterns of chickpea and safflower (sole cropping of safflower, replacement series consisted of 4:4, 2:2, 1:1, 3:1, 1:3, and additive series consisted of 20 and 40% chickpea in two situations: between and around of safflower rows) on the population density and infestation rate of this pest was studied in a randomized complete block design at the research field of Kurdistan University. Results showed that different intercropping patterns affected the population density of the pest significantly. The population density of the pest in all intercropping patterns of chickpea and safflower except 20% I pattern was lower than the sole cropping of safflower. 1:3 and 3:1 intercropping patterns resulted in the lowest average population density of the pest among other cropping patterns (18.33 ± 0.6 and 220 ± 3, respectively). Studying the infestation rate of the pest also showed thatthe mean density percentages of the infested capitula per plant were significantly different among the cropping patterns, and 1:3 and 3:1 intercropping patterns had the lowest mean densities of the infestation rate (6.1 ± 1.1 and 8.3 ± 0.5%, respectively). According to the results, 1:3 and 3:1 intercropping patterns showed a high potential for using in the integrated management of safflower fly among the other studied patterns.

Keywords

References

  1. Al-Ali, A. S., Al-Neamy, K., Abbas, S. A. & Abdul-Masih, A. M. (1977). On the life history of the safflower fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Iraq. Zeitchrift fur Angewandte Entomologie, 83, 216-223.
  2. Amjadi, A., Rafiee, H. & Moghaddas, N. (2012). Investigating importance of Iran and main country’s market, namely soybean importer goal countries and soybean production relation with this state. Economics and Agriculture Development, 26(2), 141-149.
  3. Bugg, R. L., Chaney, W. E., Colfer, R. G., Cannon, J. A. & Smith, H. A. (2008). Flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and other important allies in controlling pests of California vegetable crops. University of California Press, p. 25.
  4. Bukovinszky, T., Van Lenteren, J. C. & Vet, L. E. M. (2005). Functioning of natural enemies in mixed cropping systems. Encyclopedia of Pest Management, pp. 1-4.
  5. Fathi, S. A. A., Barkhordar, H. & Bageri, M. R. (2015). Evaluation of population density and damage of the safflower fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi, on ten safflower genotypes. Plant Protection, 38(1), 11-23. (in Farsi)
  6. Fernandez-Aparicio, M., Sillero, J. C. & Rubiales, D. (2007). Intercropping with cereals reduces infection by Orobanche crenata in legumes. Crop Protection, 26(8), 116.
  7. Jensen, E. S., Peoples, M., Boddey, R. M., Gresshoff, P. M., Hauggard, H., Alves, B. J. R. & Morrison, M. J. (2011). Legumes for the mitigation of climate change and the provision of feedstock for biofuels and biorefineries. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 32, 329-364.
  8. Joyce, E. P. & William, E. S. (2013). Companion Planting and Insect Pest Control. Weed and Pest Control: Conventional and New Challenges, p. 30.
  9. Katsaruware, R. D. & Dubiwa, M. (2014). Onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum) as pest control intercrops in cabbage based intercrop systems in Zimbabwe. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 7(2), 13-17.
  10. Keyhanian, A. A. (2008). Seasonal abundance of the safflower fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae), and its infestation on safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L. in Ghom province. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 78, 57-62. (in Farsi)
  11. Khorramdel, S., Siahmargue, A. & Mahmoodi, Q. (2016). Effect of replacement and additive intercropping series of ajowan with bean on yield and yield components. Crop Production, 9(1), 1-24. (in Farsi)
  12. Koocheki, A., Shabahang, J., Khorramdel, S. & Amin Ghafouri, A. (2012). Row intercropping of borage (Borago officinalis L.) with bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on possible evaluating of the best strip width and assessing of its ecological characteristics. Agroecology, 4(1), 1-11. (in Farsi)
  13. Mirnezami Ziabari, H. (1995). Edible fats and oils. (1st ed.). Mashhad Publishing, 339 P. (in Farsi).
  14. Ning, C., Qu, J., He, L., Yang, R., Chen, Q., Luo, S. & Cai, K. (2017). Improvement of yield, pest control and Si nutrition of rice by rice-water spinach intercropping. Field Crops Research, 208, 34-43.
  15. Parsa, M. & Bagheri, A. (2013). Beans (2th ed.). Publications University of Mashhad, 524 P. (in Farsi)
  16. Pasary, B. (2010). Principles of Safflower Agronomy (1th ed.). Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, 200 P. (in Farsi)
  17. Rezaei Chiyaneh, E., valizadegan, O., Tajbakhsh, M., Dabbagh mohammadi, A. & Rimaz, V. (2014). Evaluation of agronomical yield and insect diversity at diffirent intercropping patterns of bean and dill. Agricultural Crop Management, 16(2), 353-368. (in Farsi)
  18. Roshandel, S. & Noorbakhshian, J. (2016). Effect of mixed cropping of alfalfa and red clover on population density and infestation rate of alfalfa weevil hypera postica (Col.: Curculionidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 36(1), 29-38. (in Farsi)
  19. Sabzalian, M. R., Saeidi, G., Mirlohi, A. & Hatami, B. (2010). Wild safflower species (Carthamus oxyacanthus): a possible source of resistance to the safflower fly (Acanthiophilus helianthi). Crop Protection, 29, 550-555.
  20. Saeidi, K., Adam, N. A., Omar, D. & Abood, F. (2011). Study of some biological aspects and development of integrated pest management program for the safflower fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Iran. Research in Agricultural Science, 7, 1-16.
  21. Sasanfar, I. & Sadeqhi, H. (2016). Examining the damage of pests due to different ratio of cultural rows of maize and bean in two system of weedy and weed free conditions. 22nd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, University of Tehran, Karaj, IRAN.
  22. Sharaby, A., Abdel-Rahman, H. & Moawad, S. S. (2015). Intercropping system for protection the potato plant from insect infestation. Ecologia Balkanica, 7(1), 87-92.
  23. Sholes, O. D. V. (2008). Effects of associational resistance and host density on woodland insect herbivores. Animal Ecology, 77(1), 16-23.
  24. Smith, H. A. & Liburd, O. E. (2015). Intercropping, crop diversity and pest management. University of Florida. Journal of Extension, ENY862, 1-7.
  25. Srinivasa Raoa, M., Rama Rao, C. A., Srinivasc, K., Pratibha, S. M., Vidya Sekhar, G., Sree Vani, G. & Venkateswarlu, B. (2012). Intercropping for management of insect pests of castor, Ricinus communis, in the semi-arid tropics of India. Insect Scienses, 12, 1-14.
  26. Valizadegan, O. (2015a). Evaluation of insect’s fauna diversity and agronomical yield, in intercropping coriander and faba bean. Agricultural Crop Management, 17(1), 69-80. (in Farsi)
  27. Valizadegan, O. (2015b). Study of Yield Quality and Quantity in Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Species Diversity and Relative Abundance of Insects in Row and Strip Intercropping. Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 25(3), 15-30. (in Farsi)
  28. Zargari, A. (2014). Medicinal Plants. (8th ed.). Tehran University, 925 P. (in Farsi)
  29. Zeinali, E. (1999). Safflower. (1st ed.). Gorgan University, 144 P. (in Farsi)
  30. Zhou, H. B., Chen, J. L., Liu, Y., Cheng, D. F., Chen, L. & Sun, J. R. (2009). The effect of using genetic diversity of wheat varieties for ecological regulation on Sitobion avenae. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica Journal, 36(2), 151-156.
Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science
Volume 50, Issue 1
August 2019
Pages 99-106

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 18 November 2018
  • Revise Date: 18 February 2019
  • Accept Date: 11 March 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics