نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سیمین طاهری اردستانی ¹
• حسین صارمی ²
• احمد عباسی مقدم ³
• محمد رضا بی همتا ⁴
• سیدطه دادرضائی ⁵

¹ گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

² گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

³ بخش تحقیقات ژنتیک وبانک ژن گیاهی ملی ایران، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

⁴ گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

⁵ بخش تحقیقات غلات، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

کلیدواژه‌ها

• زنگ گندم
• بیماری زنگ قهوهای
• مقاومت
• حساسیت
• نمونه ژنتیکی گندم

عنوان مقاله [English]

Resistance in Selected Bread Wheat Lines from the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran to Wheat Leaf Rust Disease of Iran South Warm Climate

نویسندگان [English]

• Simin Taheri-Ardestani ¹
• Hossein Saremi ²
• Ahmad Abbasi Moghadam ³
• Mohammad Reza Bihamta ⁴
• Seyed Taha Dadrezaei ⁵

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Wheat Rust
• Brown rust disease
• resistance
• susceptibility
• wheat accession

Extended Abstract

Introduction

    Wheat leaf rust, a disease caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia triticina, is one of the most widespread and economically significant wheat rust diseases worldwide, surpassing the prevalence of stem rust and stripe rust. Genetic resources conserved in genebanks serve as a critical reservoir of resistance genes against biotic and abiotic stresses. Iran, a recognized center of origin for bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), exhibits a substantial genetic diversity, particularly concerning disease resistance. The development and deployment of resistant wheat cultivars have been identified as a sustainable and effective strategy for managing wheat leaf rust. This study sought to evaluate the resistance of Iranian wheat germplasm accessions and commonly cultivated varieties to leaf rust at both the seedling and adult plant stages.

Materials and Methods

    A total of 100 purified lines from the bread wheat germplasm collection of the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran, along with 10 widely cultivated Iranian wheat varieties, were evaluated for resistance to leaf rust. An isolate of Puccinia triticina (Dez01) collected from the Dezful region, purified using the single pustule method, and subsequently multiplied and characterized used for seedling resistance evaluation. Subsequent greenhouse experiments were conducted using a randomized block design with three replicates. Field trials were carried out at the Safi-Abad Agricultural Research Station in Khuzestan province, employing an augmented design with five blocks. Three cultivars, Barat, Sarang, and Sahar, were replicated within blocks, while Bolani and Morocco were included as susceptible controls and disease spreaders.

Results

    The virulence profile of the Dez01 isolate was determined using a set of differential lines carrying known leaf rust resistance genes. The isolate exhibited virulence on Lr22b, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr3bg, Lr12, Lr13, Lr14a, Lr15, Lr17, Lr22a, Lr23, Lr24, Lr25, Lr28, Lr30, Lr32, Lr35, Lr36, Lrb, and Lr37. In contrast, it was avirulent on Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr3ka, Lr9, Lr10, Lr11, Lr14b, Lr16, Lr18, Lr19, Lr20, Lr21, Lr26, (Lr10, Lr27 +Lr31), Lr29, Lr33, and Lr34. In field conditions, the predominant pathotype demonstrated virulent characteristics on Lr1, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3ka, Lr3bg, Lr10, Lr11, Lr12, Lr13, Lr14b, Lr15, Lr23, Lr24, Lr25, Lr26, Lr28, Lr36 and, Lrb, but avirulent on Lr22b, Lr2a, Lr9, Lr16, Lr17, Lr18, Lr19, Lr20, Lr21, Lr22a, Lr27+Lr31, Lr29, Lr34, Lr30, Lr32, Lr35, Lr33 and, Lr37 genes.

In greenhouse conditions, 3% of the wheat germplasm was classified as susceptible (S), 23% as moderately susceptible (MS), 33% as moderately resistant (MR), and 41% as resistant (R). Among the cultivars evaluated, Araz, Sarang, and Kalateh exhibited moderate resistance, while Bolani and Morocco were categorized as susceptible. The remaining cultivars demonstrated resistance.

In field conditions, 23% of the germplasm demonstrated a moderately susceptible reaction, while 77% exhibited a moderate resistance reaction. Bolani and Morocco were susceptible, whereas the other cultivars exhibited resistance.

Conclusion

    Accessions with extended incubation periods displayed lower infection types, indicating the potential existence of non-race-specific resistance genes that could contribute to a slow-rusting phenotype. A total of 44 accessions and cultivars were found to demonstrate resistance in both greenhouse and field evaluations, suggesting the potential for the presence of all-stage resistance genes. Furthermore, 33 accessions exhibited susceptibility in the greenhouse but resistance in the field, indicating the potential for the presence of adult plant resistance (APR) genes.

The study identified wheat germplasm with resistance in both conditions, as well as those susceptible in the greenhouse but resistant in the field, as promising candidates for further research and breeding programs. These findings highlight the importance of leveraging Iran's diverse genetic resources to develop durable resistance against wheat leaf rust, which could contribute to global food security and sustainable wheat production.