نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، جیرفت، ایران
2 بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، جیرفت، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann) is among the most destructive fruit pests globally. This study evaluated the effectiveness of three types of traps (McPhail, Ceratrap, and plastic bottles) combined with Ceratinex, Ceratel, and Medlure attractants for capturing medfly adults in citrus orchards. Subsequently, baits made from Ceratel mixed with Malathion or Fenthion insecticides were tested using four baiting methods: spot baiting, baiting on a sponge placed under the tree, baiting on a sponge two meters away from the tree, and baiting on a sack, all applied to citrus trees. The results indicated that the McPhail trap containing Ceratinex was the most effective, capturing an average of 52.48 male and 62.83 female flies per week. Conversely, the Ceratrap trap with all three attractants recorded the lowest medfly catch. In the second experiment, the highest citrus fruit infection occurred when bait containing attractant and Fenthion was placed on a sponge two meters from the tree (76.16%) and under the tree (64.63%). A positive correlation was observed between the number of medflies trapped and the number of ripe fruits on citrus trees. Overall, the McPhail trap with Ceratinex and the Ceratel-based baits mixed with Malathion were most effective at capturing adult flies and reducing fruit infection.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Ceratitis capitata, commonly known as the Mediterranean fruit fly, is one of southern Kerman's most significant citrus pests. This polyphagous pest selects its host based on factors such as weather conditions, host availability, and the physical and chemical properties of the fruit, often causing extensive damage to specific crops. The larvae feed on the inner tissues of the fruit, rendering direct insecticide sprays ineffective for controlling this pest. Currently, mass trapping and baiting methods are employed to manage Mediterranean fruit fly populations. This research aimed to: 1) Evaluate the efficiency of various traps and attractants in capturing adult medflies, including comparing domestic attractants and foreign materials. 2) Compare the effectiveness of different baiting methods in reducing fruit fly damage
Method
Results
The results showed that the highest capture of medfly adults was achieved using the McPhail trap containing Ceratinex, with an average of 52.48 males and 62.83 females per trap. Conversely, the Ceratrap containing Medlure recorded the lowest number of captured fruit flies, with averages of 12.84 males and 15.24 females per trap. The correlation coefficient indicated a positive relationship between the number of medfly adults captured and the number of ripe fruits on the tree. In the second experiment, the lowest citrus fruit infection rates were observed in baits containing attractants combined with Malathion or Fenthion insecticides applied through spot spraying, with averages of 22.3% and 28.06%, respectively. However, placing the bait with Ceratel attractant and Fenthion insecticide on a sponge two meters away from the tree and under the tree resulted in the highest fruit contamination rates, at 76.16% and 64.63%, respectively. Overall, the use of the McPhail trap with Ceratinex and baits prepared from Ceratel mixed with Malathion proved to be the most effective in capturing adult medflies and reducing fruit infection.
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