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جداسازی، شناسایی و ارزیابی بیماری‌زایی گونه‌های فوزاریوم مرتبط با علائم پوسیدگی ریشه و طوقه در مزارع کلزا برخی مناطق استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی، قزوین، ایران

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 گروه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران، ایران

10.22059/ijpps.2025.400011.1007088

چکیده

کلزا (Brassica napus) یکی از مهم‌ترین دانه‌های روغنی ایران و جهان است که نقش حیاتی در تأمین روغن خوراکی، تولید انرژی و امنیت غذایی ایفاء می‌کند. بیماری­های پوسیدگی طوقه و ریشه که توسط گونه‌های مختلف جنس Fusarium ایجاد می‌شوند، از عوامل محدودکننده تولید این محصول در استان گلستان و سایر مناطق ایران به شمار می‌روند. این عوامل بیمارگر قارچی سبب خسارت‌های اقتصادی و کاهش عملکرد کلزا می‌شوند. در این پژوهش، تعداد ۱۰۳ نمونه گیاه کلزا با علائم پوسیدگی طوقه و ریشه از یازده مزرعه منتخب واقع در شهرستان­های کردکوی، علی­آباد، گرگان و بندر گز از استان گلستان جمع‌آوری شدند و از این تعداد، ۷۹ جدایه متعلق به جنس Fusarium جداسازی شد. آزمون بیماری­زایی نشان دادند که از بین آنها تعداد 59 جدایه بیماری­زا هستند. جدایه‌های بیماری‌زا بر اساس ویژگی‌های ریخت­شناختی و تجزیه و تحلیل‌های مولکولی، شامل استفاده از نشانگر های اختصاصی، توالی‌یابی نواحی ژنومی ITS و TEF1-α، به عنوان سه گونه Fusarium acuminatum، Fusarium proliferatum و Fusarium culmorum شناسایی شدند. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، دو گونه‌ Fusarium culmorum و Fusarium proliferatum در نمونه­های جمع­آوری شده، به ترتیب شامل 47 و 42 درصد جدایه‌های شناسایی شده بودند. با توجه به اطلاعات موجود، این مطالعه نخستین گزارش از بیماری‌زایی سه گونه Fusarium culmorum، Fusarium proliferatum و Fusarium acuminatum در مزارع کلزای استان گلستان محسوب می­شود. نتایج به دست آمده در این پژوهش بر اهمیت شناسایی دقیق و مدیریت هدفمند این عوامل بیماری‌زا برای کاهش خسارت‌های اقتصادی و حفظ سلامت محصول کلزا تاکید دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation, Identification, and Pathogenicity Assessment of Fusarium Species Associated with Root and Stem Rot from Rapeseed Fields in Some Regions of Golestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadreza Rezaei 1
  • Fatemeh Dehghan Nayeri 1
  • Ahmad Abbasi Moghadam 2
  • Hassan Rasouli 3
1 Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin, Iran
2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Karaj, Iran.
3 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a widely cultivated oilseed crop in Iran and worldwide, valued for its role in producing edible oil, supporting energy production, and contributing to food security. Studies have shown that Fusarium species causing crown and root rot diseases are among the major threats to canola production in Golestan Province and other regions of Iran. These fungal pathogens are responsible for reduced canola yield. In this study, 103  contaminated rapeseed samples exhibiting crown and root rot symptoms were collected from canola-growing fields of Golestan Province. Among these samples, 79 Fusarium isolates were obtained, and the pathogenicity of 59 isolates was confirmed using pathogenicity assays. To identify the collected isolates at the species level, we used a combination of morphological characteristics and molecular/bioinformatics analyses using sequencing of the ITS and TEF1-α genes. Accordingly, the identified isolates were Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium proliferatum, and Fusarium culmorum. Interestingly, Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium proliferatum accounted for 47 and 42% of the identified isolates among the collected samples. For the first time, this study reports the pathogenicity of these three Fusarium isolates collected from the studied regions. The results highlight the importance of accurate identification and the integrated management of pathogenic Fusarium isolates to reduce economic losses and maintain healthy rapeseed production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canola wilting
  • F. acuminatum
  • F. proliferatum
  • F. culmorum
  • Root and crown rot

Extended Abstract

Introduction

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important cultivated oilseed crops worldwide and in Iran, playing a critical role in edible oil production. In addition to its economic roles, this plant enhances soil health by improving soil biochemical features. Studies have shown that fungal pathogens, particularly Fusarium spp, causing crown and root rot, are among the most damaging threats to canola yield. These catastrophic diseases cause considerable yield reductions and economic losses in regions such as Golestan Province, where rapeseed cultivation has been promoted in recent years. Therefore, integrated management of canola fields by accurate identification of pathogenic Fusarium isolates can guarantee the sustainable production of canola in this part of Iran.

 

 

Objectives

     Due to the economic damage of rapeseed root and crown rot disease occurrence in canola fields of Golestan Province, this investigation aims to isolate, identify, and evaluate the pathogenicity of Fusarium species isolated from different parts of this region.

Materials and Methods

     During the 2021 to 2023 growing seasons, a total of 103 rapeseed samples with symptoms of crown and root rot were collected from 11 regions of Golestan Province, Iran. Totally, 79 fungal isolates of the genus Fusarium were isolated and purified. Afterwards, these isolates were assessed for pathogenicity by inoculation of 28-day-old rapeseed (cult. RGS003) seedlings under controlled greenhouse conditions.

Species-level characterization of the isolates was conducted using morphological methods and identifications keys available for specific identification of fungal species coupled with macroscopic characteristics (color and growth rate of the colony on PDA medium) and microscopic features (shape, size, and production mode of microconidia and macroconidia, presence and formation of chlamydospores, and presence of twisted hyphae on PCA medium), as well as molecular/bioinformatics techniques by amplification, sequencing and evolutionary relationship of the ITS and TEF-1α genes.

 

Results

     The outcomes exhibit that 59 isolates were pathogenic and caused disease symptoms on the rapeseed seedlings. The identified isolates were classified as  F. acuminatum, F. proliferatum, and F. culmorum. The results indicated that F. culmorum and F. proliferatum isolates were considerably prevalent among the collected samples from the studied regions. Accordingly, F. culmorum isolates possessed 47% of all evaluated isolates, while 11% of the identified isolates were F. acuminatum. Additionally, F. proliferatum isolates accounted for 42% of the identified isolates. The morphological/molecular characterization of the studied isolates was aligned with previously reported results, and confirmed our results. 

Additional greenhouse experiments exhibited that the evaluated isolates showed a differential pathogenicity toward rapeseed seedlings by causing moderate to severe disease symptoms in the crown and root tissues of the treated seedlings. The identified isolates also differentially affected root length, fresh root weight, seedling height, and fresh aerial biomass compared to the control group. Although F. acuminatum was less prevalent among the identified isolates, it showed the highest disease severity in canola seedlings. The pathogenicity levels of F. culmorum and F. proliferatum were comparable to each other, yet both were lower than that of F. acuminatum.

Conclusion

      The outcomes demonstrated that the studied isolates differentially affected the growth and development of rapeseed seedlings. This observation may indicate the presence of possible synergistic interactions among Fusarium isolates in the onset of crown and root rot diseases in canola. Further large-scale molecular and field experiments are recommended to identify new pathogenic isolates of this fungal genus that may pose a threat to canola yield and oil production in the studied regions of Golestan province, Iran. Taken together, the integrated management of canola fields by regular monitoring of these fields for identification of novel pathogenic Fusarium isolates might improve the productivity of this crop by applying effective and practical control strategies against fungal pathogens in canola-growing regions.     

Author Contributions

     FDN and AAM conceived the main idea of this research; AAM conducted morphological identification and pathogenicity tests; HR conducted phylogenetic and statistical analyses; MRR conducted the experimental assays, collected samples, and raw data. All authors contributed equally to the writing of the original and subsequent drafts. The authors have approved the current version of the paper and have agreed to publish the final draft in this journal.

Data Availability Statement

All data discussed in this report were included.

Acknowledgements

      The authors specially thank the scientific support of the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, the Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization of Iran, and the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University for providing the necessary support and facilities to conduct this research. The authors also express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Simin Taheri-Ardestani for her kind and scientific support during conducting experimental steps of this study. This paper was extracted from the PhD dissertation of the first author of this study. 

Ethical considerations

    The authors confirmed that data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct did not occur during the preparation and analyses of data reported in this paper.

مراجع

منابع

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دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران
دوره 55، شماره 2
اسفند 1403
صفحه 395-421

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 04 آبان 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 آبان 1404

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