Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum, remains one of the most important diseases of wheat in warm and humid regions worldwide, including the warm and humid climate of Iran. In addition to causing significant yield losses, FHB reduces grain quality and contaminates harvested kernels with mycotoxins. The development and cultivation of resistant cultivars constitute the most economical and sustainable strategy for managing FHB. Resistance to this disease is a complex quantitative trait resulting from the interaction between genotype, environment, fungal species, and inoculation conditions. Consequently, standardizing inoculation methods and accurately assessing the disease play a pivotal role in implementing resistance breeding programs. This article reviews the types of resistance to FHB, as well as methods for inoculum production and application, timing and techniques for field and greenhouse inoculations, the most widely adopted approaches for assessing disease resistance, environmental factors influencing the disease development, and criteria used for classifying wheat genotypes based on their level of resistance. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of evaluation methods, the major sources of experimental variability, and practical approaches for improving the accuracy and reproducibility of resistance assessments are discussed. The findings of this review indicate that no single evaluation method is capable of assessing all components of resistance. Reliable phenotypic evaluation requires the use of standardized methodologies, well-controlled experimental conditions, and the integration of field and greenhouse assessments. This review provides a reference for researchers, wheat breeders, and graduate students involved in design and implementation of resistance to FHB.