Postharvest losses are one of the major and important challenges in the agricultural product supply chain, which, in addition to reducing the quantity of marketable produce, result in the loss of resources such as water, energy, production inputs, and economic capital. These losses increase from harvest through the stages of handling, storage, processing, and marketing under the influence of a range of biotic and abiotic factors, including mechanical injuries, inappropriate temperature and humidity conditions, physiological disorders, and the activity of pathogenic agents. Among these, diseases are considered one of the most important factors contributing to the reduction of quality and shelf life of fresh produce. Although the use of chemical compounds remains one of the common methods for managing these problems, concerns regarding pesticide residues, microbial resistance, and environmental consequences have increased attention toward more sustainable approaches. In recent years, the use of natural compounds, particularly plant essential oils, edible coatings, and monitoring systems, has been considered promising options for controlling pathogenic agents and maintaining postharvest quality. In Iran, numerous studies have also been conducted on the application of plant essential oils and knowledge-based products, with the aim of reducing losses and extending the shelf life of agricultural products. These efforts can provide a basis for the development of locally adapted solutions and the commercialization of innovative technologies for postharvest management.