نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس دانشگاهی، دانشگاه گیلان
2 پژوهشگر مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی باریج کاشان
3 دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان
4 پژوهشگر، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی باریج کاشان
5 استاد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان
6 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان
چکیده
برخی اسانسها و عصاره‌های گیاهی دارای خواص حشرهکشی مطلوبی علیه سفیدبالک پنبه می‌باشند. در این مطالعه سمیت اسانسهای رزماری، نعناع فلفلی، اکالیپتوس و عصاره آویشن باغی فرموله‌شده بهصورت جداگانه در تویین80 و به شکل نانوامولسیون روی پورههای سن دو سفیدبالک پنبه بررسی گردید. آزمونهای زیست‌سنجی بهروش غوطه‌ورسازی برگهای حاوی پوره سن دو انجام و مقادیر LC50 تخمین زده شد. مقادیر LC50 اسانسهای رزماری، نعناع فلفلی، اکالیپتوس و عصاره آویشن باغی در تویین80 به ترتیب 4198، 3925، 4312، 9626 و میزان LC50 نانوامولسیون اینترکیبات بهترتیب 2759، 2987، 3189، 5659 میلی‌لیتر بر لیتر بهدست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که نانوامولسیون اسانسهای رزماری و نعناع فلفلی بیشترین سمیت را روی پورههای مذکور دارند. همچنین در این تحقیق اثرات مخلوط اسانسها و عصاره گیاهی فرموله‌شده روی برخی تغییرات بیوشیمیایی و آنزیمی سفیدبالک پنبه در حشرات تیمارشده با غلظت LC50 تیمار T1 (امولسیون ترکیب‌شده از سه اسانس و عصاره فوق)، تیمار T2 (امولسیون بر پایه عصاره آویشن باغی) و تیمار T3 (امولسیون ترکیب‌شده از سه اسانس فوق) اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت آنزیم‌های استرازی و گلوتاتیون‌اس- ترانسفرازی تحت تأثیر تیمارهای T1، T2 وT3 افزایش یافت؛ درصورتیکه میزان فعالیت آنزیم استیل‌کولین‌استراز تغییر معنی‌داری را نشان نداد. میزان ذخایر انرژی (چربی، کربوهیدرات و پروتئین کل) در تیمار T1 وT3 نسبت به تیمار T2 و شاهد، کاهش معنی‌داری داشتند؛ هرچند که میزان گلیکوژن کل تغییر معنی‌داری را بین تیمارها و شاهد نشان نداد. بنابراین تیمارهای T1 و T3، با القای سم‌زدایی در برخی از آنزیم‌های سم‌زدا و کاهش بعضی از ذخایر انرژی، اثر بیشتری را روی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی پورههای سن دو سفیدبالک پنبه نشان می‌دهند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Investigation of biochemical and enzymatic changes induced by emulsion and nanoemulsion formulations of some essential oils and an herbal extract on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)
نویسندگان [English]
- Alireza Bolandnazar 1 2
- Mohammad Ghadamyari 3
- Mohammadreza Memarzadeh 4
- Jalal Jalali Sandi 5
- Maryam Zolfaghari 6
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran | Researcher, University Campus and Barij Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Kashan, Iran
2 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran | Researcher, University Campus and Barij Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Kashan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran
4 Researcher, Barij Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Kashan, Iran
5 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran
6 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran
چکیده [English]
Some essential oils and plant extracts have shown suitable insecticidal properties against the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. In this study, essential oils of rosemary, peppermint and eucalyptus and extract of thyme were formulated separately in Tween 80 as well as formulated in the form of nanoemulsion and bioassyed against 2nd instar nymphs of B. tabaci. The bioassay tests were done by leaf dip method on the leaves containing 2nd instar nymphs and LC50swere determined. The LC50 of rosemary, peppermint, eucalyptus essential oils and thyme extractprepared in Tween 80 were estimated as 4198, 3925, 4312 and 9626 mL/L and LC50 of nanoemulsion of above itemswere estimated as 2759, 2987, 3189 and 5659 mL/L, respectively. The results showed that nanoemulsion of rosemary and peppermint essential oils have the highest toxicity on the 2nd instar nymphs of B. tabaci. Also, effects of combination of essential oils and extract formulation on biochemical and enzymatic changeswere investigated with LC50 of T1 (emulsified from essential oils and the extract), T2 (extract emulsion) and T3 (emulsification of essential oils). The amount of activities of esterases and glutathione s-transferases were increased in T1, T2 and T3 treatments; while, the cholinesterase activity was not affected. The amount of energy reserves (total lipid, carbohydrate and protein) decreased significantly in T1 and T3 treatments; although the amount of total glycogen was not affected significantly by treatments. Therefore, T1 and T3 treatments showed a greater effect on the biochemical parameters, by induction of detoxification of some enzymes and reducing some of the energy reserves, in 2nd instar nymphs of sweet potato whitefly.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Botanical insecticide
- biochemical parameters
- essential oil
- nanoemulsion
- sweet potato whitefly
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