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تخمین آستانه‌ی پایین دمای رشدونمو و نیاز گرمایی جمعیت‌های کرم سیب مستقر در استان‌های تهران، آذربایجان غربی و اصفهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات حشره شناسی کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

کرم سیب، Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus)، مهمترین آفت باغات سیب ایران است. بکارگیری روش‌های نوین پیش آگاهی به منظور کنترل موفقیت آمیز این آفت ضروری است. مدل‌های پیش‌آگاهی فنولوژیک، اساساً بر مبنای فنولوژی تابع دمای آفات تهیه می‌شوند. به منظور ارائه‌ و بکارگیری یک مدل پیش آگاهی با کارایی و دقت بالا، برآورد مهمترین شاخص‌های اکوفیزیولوژیک آفات ضروری است. بر این اساس، در پژوهش حاضر روند رشد و نمو تابع دمای جمعیت‌های کرم سیب مستقر در استان‌های تهران، آذربایجان غربی و اصفهان بررسی و مهمترین شاخص‌های دمایی رشد و نمو آنها با استفاده از مدل‌ خطی روز-درجه برآورد شد. نتایج بدست آمده، تفاوت بین مقادیر برآورد شده برای هر یک از شاخص‌های دمایی مورد بررسی در جمعیت‌های مورد مطالعه را نشان داد. آستانه‌ی پایین دمای رشد و نمو کل دوره‌ی نابالغ جمعیت‌های کرم سیب در استان‌های تهران، آذربایجان غربی و اصفهان به ترتیب 32/8، 19/8 و 85/9 درجه‌ی سلسیوس تخمین زده شد. همینطور نیاز گرمایی کل دوره‌ی رشد و نمو جمعیت‌های کرم سیب مورد بررسی به ترتیب 74/622، 20/633 و 84/695 روز-درجه‌ی سلسیوس بود. نتایج این پژوهش وجود تفاوت‌ در سازگاری‌های دمایی جمعیت‌های مختلف کرم سیب مستقر در مناطق مختلف کشور را نشان داد. دستیابی به این اطلاعات به منظور تهیه‌ی مدل پیش آگاهی دقیق بر مبنای نیاز گرمایی (روز-درجه یا ساعت-درجه) آفات کلیدی ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of the low temperature threshold and thermal requirement of the established codling moth populations in West Azerbaijan, Tehran and Isfahan provinces

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Ranjbar Aghdam 1
  • Meysam Ghasemi 2
  • Younes Karimpour 3
1 َAssociate Professor, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, AREEO, Tehran. Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus), is the most important pest in apple orchards. In order to successfully control of the pest, using phenological forecasting models is necessary. Phenological forecasting models are basically provided using temperature-dependent phenology of the pests. Estimation of the most important eco-physiological indices of pests is essential for the preparation and use of a high-performance, accurate forecasting model. Therefore, current study was conducted to determine temperature-dependent development trend and to estimate the most important thermal indices of three established populations of the codling moth in Tehran, West Azerbaijan, and Esfahan provinces. Results showed differences among the values of the estimated thermal index in studied populations. Estimated values of the low temperature threshold were 8.32, 8.19, and 9.85°C for total immature stages of Tehran, West Azerbaijan, and Esfahan provinces, respectively. Additionally, estimated values of the thermal requirement were 622.74, 633.20, and 695.84 Degree-Days for the total immature stages of the mentioned populations, respectively. The results of this study showed differences in thermal adaptations of different populations of codling moth located in different regions of Iran. This information is necessary to develop a precise forecasting model based on the heat requirement (GDD or GDH) of key pests in each geographical locations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • codling moth
  • forecasting
  • linear model
  • thermal indices
  • population
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