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اثرات باکتری Bacillus velezensis UTB96 در کاهش توکسین زرالنون ناشی از قارچ Fusarium graminearum جدا شده از گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تهران

2 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات غلات، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، استان البرز، ایران

چکیده

گندم در معرض آلودگی به بیمارگرهای قارچی و مایکوتوکسین‌های تولیدی آنها قرار دارد. در این بین، توکسین استروژنیک زرالنون یکی از معروف‌ترین توکسین‌هایی است که توسط قارچ عامل بیماری بلایت فوزاریومی سنبله گندم (گونه‌Fusarium graminearum) در گندم تولید می‌شود. آلوده شدن گندم و محصولات غذایی بدست آمده از آن به زرالنون و خطرات ناشی از آن برای سلامت انسان و دام سبب شده است تمهیدات مختلف فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولو‌ژیکی برای کاهش میزان آلودگی به این توکسین اتخاذ شود. جدایه F. graminearum تهیه شده از کلکسیون آزمایشگاه بخش تحقیقات غلات موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر به منظور انجام این پژوهش استفاده شد. بر اساس روش کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا (HPLC)، جدایه F. graminearum مورد بررسی توانایی تولید توکسین زرالنون را دارا بود. نتایج آزمایشات بیوکنترلی و کشت متقابل قارچ F. graminearum و جدایه باکتری Bacillus velezensis UTB96 نشان داد که این جدایه از باکتری منجر به کنترل رشد قارچ تا 40 درصد می‌گردد. همچنین، ترکیبات خارج سلولی بدست آمده از این جدایه باکتری توانایی کنترل قارچ را تا 5/54 درصد داشت. بعلاوه، این باکتری توانایی کاهش زرالنون تا 79 درصد را دارا بود. برعکس، جدایه باکتری Bacillus subtilis UTB1 در کاهش میزان زرالنون در شرایط آزمایشگاه در سطح یک درصد تفاوت معنی داری نشان نداد. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده از این تحقیق، جدایه باکتری Bacillus velezensis UTB96 توانایی کنترل قارچ عامل بلایت فوزاریومی سنبله گندم و همچنین کاهش میزان توکسین زرالنون را دارا می‌باشد، لذا می‌تواند بعنوان عامل بیوکنترل مورد بررسی بیشتر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effectives of Bacillus velezensis UTB96 on reduction of zearalenone produced by Fusarium graminearum isolated from wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • zahra Davoudi 1
  • hosein saremi 1
  • masood ahmadzadeh 1
  • Ali Malihipour 2
1 Tehran University
2 Assistant Professor, Cereal Research Department, Seed & Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), AREEO, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Wheat is exposed to various fungal pathogens especially Fusarium and their mycotoxins. Zearalenone as estrogenic toxin is one of the most popular toxin produce by the fungal agent of wheat head blight disease (Fusarium graminearum). Due to zearalenone contamination in wheat and wheat-based foods and its dangers to human and animal health, various physical, chemical and biological measures have to be established to reduce or prevent the zearalenone contamination. F. graminearum isolate obtained from cereal pathology department of seed and plant improvement institute was selected for further studies. Based on High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, Fusarium graminearum isolate could produce zearalenone. Biological experiments showed Duel-Culture of Bacillus velezensis UTB96 and Fusarium graminearum isolate decreased the fungal growth to 40 percent, as well as supernatant supplied from Bacillus velezensis UTB96 decreased the fungal growth to 54.5 percent. Bacillus velezensis UTB96 strain could decrease the zearalenone to 79 percent but B. velezensis UTB1strain had not any difference at 1% level to reduce the zearalenone toxin. The results showed Bacillus velezensis UTB96 strain capable to moderate the growth of Fusarium head blight and zearalenone contamination in wheat.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • toxin
  • Zearalenone
  • Biocontrol agent
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