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سمیت تدخینی و تاثیر زیرکشندگی اسانس‌های زیره سیاه (Bunium persicum Boiss.)، دارچین (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) و نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.) روی بید غلات،Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 موسسه آموزش عالی سبلان، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

بید غلات، Sitotroga cerealella Olivier، گونه‌ای با پراکنش وسیع است که خسارت قابل ملاحظه‌ای در دانه‌های غلات ایجاد می‌کند. در این مطالعه، سمیت تدخینی (LC50, LC90) و تاثیر زیرکشندگی (LC25) اسانس‌های سه گیاه دارویی زیره سیاه، دارچین و نعناع فلفلی روی تخم و حشرات کامل این آفت مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس‌ها با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی- طیف‌سنج جرمی شناسایی شد. ترکیبات مونوترپنی، اجزای شیمیایی اصلی اسانس‌های آزمایشی بودند. سمیت تدخینی اسانس نعناع فلفلی (با LC50 برابر 5/0 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا) در حشرات کامل بیش‌تر از اسانس‌های دارچین (با LC50 برابر 94/0 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا) و زیره سیاه (با LC50 برابر 42/2 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا) بود. همین روند در مورد تخم‌ها نیز مشاهده شد. سرعت حشره‌کشی اسانس‌های نعناع فلفلی (با LT50 برابر 05/8 ساعت) و دارچین (با LT50 برابر 68/9 ساعت) بیش‌تر از اسانس زیره سیاه (با LT50 برابر 78/14 ساعت) بود. نتایج آزمایش تاثیر زیرکشندگی نشان داد که دوره نشو و نمایی آفت در تیمارهای اسانس‌ به طور معنی‌داری طولانی‌تر از شاهد بود. کم‌ترین زادآوری آفت در تیمار نعناع فلفلی مشاهده شد. هم‌چنین، اسانس‌‌های مورد مطالعه به طور معنی‌داری باعث کاهش نرخ خالص تولید‌مثل (R0)، نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت(rm) و نرخ متناهی افزایش جمعیت(λ) آفت شدند. نتایج بررسی حاضر نشان داد که اسانس‌های مورد بررسی به ویژه اسانس نعناع فلفلی توانایی مطلوبی برای کنترل جمعیت S. cerealella دارند و می‌توان از آن‌ها در برنامه‌های مدیریت تلفیقی آفت استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Fumigant toxicity and sublethal effects of black cumin (Bunium persicum Boiss.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume), and peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) essential oils against the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gadir Nouri Ganbalani 1
  • Zahra Abedi 1
  • Leila Mottaghinia 1
  • Alireza Nouri 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Institute of Higher Education of Sabalan, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Sitotroga cerealella Olivier, is a species with worldwide distribution, which causes substantial damage to the grain kernels. In the present study, fumigant toxicity (LC50 and LC90) and sublethal effects (LC25) of the essential oils of three medicinal plants including black cumin, cinnamon, and peppermint were evaluated against the eggs and adults of this pest. The chemical constituents of the essential oils were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Monoterpenes were the main chemical compounds of the tested essential oils. Fumigant toxicity of peppermint (LC50: 0.5 µl/l air) essential oil against the adults was higher than cinnamon (LC50: 0.94 µl/l air) and black cumin (LC50: 2.42 µl/l air) essential oils. The same trend was also observed against the eggs. The speed of mortality for peppermint (LT50: 8.05 h) and cinnamon (LT50: 9.68 h) essential oils were higher than black cumin (LT50: 14.78 h) essential oil. Results of the experiment of sublethal effects showed that the developmental time of the pest on the essential oils treatments were significantly longer than on control. The lowest fecundity of the pest was observed on peppermint treatment. Furthermore, the tested essential oils significantly reduced the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), and finite rate of increase (λ) of the pest. The results of this study showed that the tested essential oils, especially the essential oil of peppermint have a suitable potential for decreasing the population of S. cerealella and they can be used in the IPM programs of the pest.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential oils
  • lethal effect
  • grain moth
  • chemical constituents
  • biological traits

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دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران
دوره 52، شماره 1
شهریور 1400
صفحه 53-67

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 فروردین 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 خرداد 1400

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