c3518cb17d976b8

جدا سازی، شناسایی و پراکنش گونه‌های Fusariumآلوده کننده خاک در دو اقلیم مختلف افغانستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه پزشکی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

2 گروه گیاه پزشکی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران-کرج -ایران

3 استاد/ گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

4 گروه گیاه پزشکی ، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

5 استاد یار، گروه اگرانومی، دانشکده زراعت، دانشگاه بامیان، افغانستان

چکیده

اعضای جنس Fusarium از بیمارگرهای مهم خاکزاد می‌باشند که سبب بروز خسارت جدی در تولید محصولات زراعی و باغی در دنیا می‌گردند. به‌منظور بررسی گونه‌های Fusarium آلوده کننده خاک‌های زراعی در مناطق بامیان و دایکندی با اقلیم نیمه صحرایی و مناطق قندهار و هلمند با اقلیم صحرایی افغانستان، نمونه برداری در سال‌های 1398-1397 صورت گرفت. برای جداسازی جدایه‌های Fusarium از نمونه های خاک، از محیط کشت اختصاصی PPA (Pepton PCNB Agar) استفاده شد. همچنین جهت شناسایی اولیه جدایه‌ها از ویژگی‌های ریخت شناختی براساس کشت جدایه ها روی محیط‌های کشت CLA، SNA و PDA استفاده شد. به منظور شناسایی مولکولی جدایه‌ها توالی یابی بر اساس ناحیه ی ژنی tef-1α صورت گرفت. در مجموع 134 جدایه Fusarium جداسازی گردید که در 11 گونه مختلف قرار گرفتند. به‌طوریکه حضور گونه‌های (FIESC) F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (%28)، F. solani (%16)، F. acuminatum (%6)، F. verticillioides (%5)، F. oxysporum (%3)، F. coeruleum(%1) و F. compactum (%1) با فراوانی متفاوت در هر دو اقلیم مورد نمونه برداری ردیابی شد. گونهF. sambucinum (%1) در مناطقی که زمستان فوق العاده سرد و تابستان خشک داشتند و دارای اقلیم نیمه صحرایی بودند جداسازی گردید. درحالیکه گونه‌های F. proliferatum (%18)، F. culmorum (%13) و F. pseudograminearum (%1)، و در مناطقی که زمستان معتدل و تابستان فوق العاده گرم داشتند و دارای اقلیم صحرایی بودند جداسازی شدند. نتایج بدست آمده در این تحقیق در رابطه با پراکنش جغرافیایی گونه‌های مختلف Fusarium در افغانستان اطلاعات مفیدی در رابطه با مدیریت بهتر این بیمارگرهای خاکزاد در مزرعه در اختیار ما قرار می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation, identification and dissemination of Fusarium species from soil of two different climates in Afghanistan

نویسندگان [English]

  • habibullah bahlolzada 1
  • Hossein Saremi 2
  • Mohammad Javan Nikkhah 3
  • Maryam Fallahi 4
  • seyed mohammad bagher Hosseini 5
1 department of plant protection, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 department of plant protection, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran,Karaj-Iran
3 Professor/Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Science,, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Science,, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
5 Associate Professor, College of Agriculture, University of Bamyan, Afghanistan
چکیده [English]

The members of Fusarium is one of the important causal egent of soil borne diseases which cause serious damage in the agricultural and horticultural crops in the world. In order to investigate Fusarium destributions in agricultural soils in the Bamyan and Daikundi with semi desert climates, Kandahar and Helmand with desert climates, sampling was performed in Afghanistan in 2018-2019. The PPA medium (Pepton PCNB Agar) was used for Fusarium isolations. For morphological characterisation, pure cultures were transferred to CLA (Carnation Leaf-piece Agar), SNA (Synthetic Nutrient Agar ) and PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) mediums and gene sequencing of tef-lα regions were performed for molecular identification. Totally 134 Fusarium isolates were obtained and grouped in 11 different species. The presence of F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) (28%), F. solani (16%), F. acuminatum (6%), F.verticillioides (5%), F. oxysporum (3%), F. coeruleum (1%) and F. compactum (1%) with different frequency were detected in both regions of the sampling areas. F. sambucinum (1%) was detected in semi-desert climates (Bamyan and Daikundi provinces), While F. proliferatum (18%), F. culmorum (13%) and F. Pseudograminearum (1%) were isolated and identified in areas with desert climates (Helmand and Kandahar provinces). The results this study, geographical distribution of various species of Fusarium in Afghanistan, provide useful information about management of soil borne Fusarium pathogens.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fusarium
  • Desert climate
  • Semi desert climate
  • Morphological identification
  • tef-1α

مراجع

  1. Agriose, G.N. (2005). Plant Pathology (Fifth Edition). Academic press. new york. usa, 952 pp.
  2. Aich, V., Akhundzadah, N. A., Knuerr, A., Khoshbeen, A. J., Hattermann, F., Paeth, H., Scalon, A., & Paton, E. N. (2017). Climate change in Afghanistan deduced from reanalysis and coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment (CORDEX)—South Asia simulations. Climate, 5 (2), 38.
  3. Altschul, S. F., Madden, T. L., Schäffer, A. A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W., & Lipman, D. J. (1997). Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Research, 25 (17), 3389-3402.
  4. Backhouse, D. (2014). Global distribution of Fusarium graminearum, asiaticum and F. boothii from wheat in relation to climate. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 139 (1), 161-173.
  5. Backhouse, D., & Burgess, L. W. (1995). Mycogegraphy of Fusarium climatic: analysis of the distribution within Australia of Fusarium species in section Gibbosum. Mycological Research, 99 (10), 1218-1224.
  6. Backhouse, D., & Burgess, L. W. (2002). Climatic analysis of the distribution of Fusarium graminearum, pseudograminearum and F. culmorum on cereals in Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology, 31 (4), 321-327.
  7. Booth, C. (1971) The Genus Fusarium Common Wealth. Mycological institute, kew survey. england, 237 pp.
  8. Burgess, L. W. (1981). General Ecology of The Fusaria. In ‘Fusarium: Diseases, Biology, and Taxonomy .(Eds pe nelson, ta toussoun, rj cook), 225–235 pp.
  9. Burgess, L. W., & Summerell, B. A. (1992). Mycogeography of Fusarium: survey of Fusarium species in subtropical and semi-arid grassland soils from Queensland, Australia. Mycological Research, 96 (9), 780-784.‏
  10. Burgess, L. W., Summerell, B. A., Bullock, S., Gott, K. P., & Backhouse, D. (1994). Laboratory Manual for Fusarium Research (3rd ed.). Sydney: Dept. of crop sciences, university of sydney / royal botanic gardens,162 pp.
  11. Chehri, K., Salleh, B., Soleimani, M. J., Reddy, K. R. N., & Zakaria, L. (2011). Occurrence of Fusarium associated with root tissues and rhizosphere soils of forest trees and assessment of their pathogenicity on Prunus amygdalus seedlings. Australian Journal of Botany, 58 (8), 679-686.
  12. Drenkhan, R., Ganley, B., Martín-García, J., Vahalík, P., Adamson, K., Adamčíková, K., ... & Cleary, M. (2020). Global geographic distribution and host range of Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker. forests, 11(7), 724
  13. Fallahi, M., Saremi, H., Javan-Nikkhah, M., Somma, S., Haidukowski, M., Logrieco, A. F., & Moretti, A. )2019(. Isolation, Molecular Identification and Mycotoxin Profile of Fusarium Species Isolated from Maize Kernels in Iran. Toxins, 11 (5) 297.
  14. Jiang, C. X., Li, J., Zhang, J. M., Jin, X. J., Yu, B., Fang, J. G., & Wu, Q. X. (2019). Isolation, identification, and activity evaluation of chemical constituents from soil fungus Fusarium avenaceum SF-1502 and endophytic fungus Fusarium proliferatum AF-04. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 67 (7), 1839-1846.
  15. Kosiak, B., Torp, M., Skjerve, E., & Thrane, U. (2003). The prevalence and distribution of Fusarium species in Norwegian cereals: a survey. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica (B), 53(4), 168-176.
  16. Kvas, M., Marasas, W. F. O., Wingfield, B. D., Wingfield, M. J., & Steenkamp, E. T. (2009). Diversity and evolution of Fusarium species in the Gibberella fujikuroi complex. Fungal Diversity ,34, 1-2
  17. Leslie, J. F., & Summerell, B. A. (2006). The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Iowa: Blackwell Publishing LTD, 388 pp.
  18. Leslie, J. F., Pearson, C. A.S., Nelson, P. E., & Toussoun, T. A. (1990). Fusarium from corn, sorghum and soybean fields in the central and eastern United States. Phytopathology, 80 (4), 343–350.
  19. Manshor, N., Rosli, H., Ismail, N. A., Salleh, B., & Zakaria, L. (2012). Diversity of Fusarium species from highland areas in Malaysia. Tropical Life Sciences Research, 23 (2), 1.‏
  20. Marasas, D. J., & WFO, J. (1988). Fusarium moniliforme contamination of maize in oesophageal cancer areas in Transkei. South African Medical Journal, 74 (3), 110-114.
  21. Mathur, R. S. (1977). Check List of Afghani Fungi And Plant Disease by. The Iraq Natural History museum publication, 32, 3-63.
  22. Moretti, A. N. (2009). Taxonomy of Fusarium genus: a continuous fight between lumpers and splitters. Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke, 117, 7-13.‏
  23. Nalim, F. A., Samuels, G. J., Wijesundera, R. L., & Geiser, D. M. (2011). New species from the Fusarium solani species complex derived from perithecia and soil in the Old World tropics. Mycologia,103(6), 1302-1330.
  24. Nash, S. M., & Snyder, W. C. (1962). Quantitative estimations by plate counts of propagules of the bean root rot Fusarium in field soils. Phytopathology, 52 (6), 567-572.
  25. Nelson, P. E., Toussoun, T. A., & Marasas, W. F. O. (1983). Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Guide for Identification. Penn, 206 pp.
  26. NEPA & UNEP. (2009) Afghanistan: National Capacity Needs Self- Assessment for Global Environmental Management (NCSA) AND National Adaptation Programe of Action Climate Change(NAPA). Kabul. :National environmental protection agency and united nations environment program, 12
  27. (2017) Second National Communication Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Kabul. :National environmental protection agency, 102 pp.
  28. O’Donnell, K., Humber, R. A., Geiser, D. M., Kang, S., Park, B., Robert, V. A., Cours, P.W., Johnston, P.R., Aoki, T., Rooney, A. P., & Rehner, S. A. (2012). Phylogenetic diversity of insecticolous fusaria inferred from multilocus DNA sequence data and their molecular identification via FUSARIUM-ID and Fusarium Mycologia, 104 (2), 427-445.‏
  29. O'Donnell, K. (2000). Molecular phylogeny of the Nectria haematococca-Fusarium solani species complex. Mycologia, 92 (5), 919-938.
  30. O'Donnell, K., Sutton, D. A., Rinaldi, M. G., Gueidan, C., Crous, P. W., & Geiser, D. M. (2009). Novel multilocus sequence typing scheme reveals high genetic diversity of human pathogenic members of the Fusarium incarnatum-F. equiseti and chlamydosporum species complexes within the United States. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 47) 12 ,(3851-3861.
  31. Poole, G. J., Smiley, R. W., Walker, C., Huggins, D., Rupp, R., Abatzoglou, J., & Paulitz, T. C. (2013). Effect of climate on the distribution of Fusarium causing crown rot of wheat in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Phytopathology, 103(11), 1130-1140.
  32. Rahjoo, V., Zad, J., Javan-Nikkhah, M., Mirzaldi Gohari, A.,Okkhovvat, S., Bihamta, M.R., Razzaghian, J., & Klemsdal, S.S. (2008). Morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium isolated from maize ears in Iran. Journal of Plant Pathology, 90) 3(, 463–468.
  33. Romberg, M. K., & Davis, R. M. (2007). Host range and phylogeny of Fusarium solani sp. eumartii from potato and tomato in California. Plant Disease, 91 (5), 585-592.‏
  34. Saremi, H. (2005). Fusarium, Biology, Ecology and Taxonomy. Iran: Jihad daneshgahi press, university of mashhad, 152 pp.
  35. Saremi, H., & Saremi, H. (2013). Isolation of the most common Fusarium species and the effect of soil solarisation on main pathogenic species in different climatic zones of Iran. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 137 (3), 585-596.‏
  36. Saremi, H., Burgess, L. W., & Backhouse, D. (1999). Temperature effects on the relative abundance of Fusarium species in a model plant-soil ecosystem. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 31 (7), 941-947.
  37. Saremi, H., Rostami, A. & Saremi, H. (2018). Fusarium oxysporum a possible agent for biological control of Papaver somniferum in the Middle East. Crop Protection, 114, 187-194.
  38. Summerell, B.A., Laurence, M.H., Liew, E.C.Y., & Leslie, J.F. (2010). Biogeography and phylogeography of Fusarium: A review. Fungal Diversity, 44 (1), 3–13.
  39. Summerell, B. A., Leslie, J. F., Liew, E. C., Laurence, M. H., Bullock, S., Petrovic, T., Bentley, A. R., Howard, Ch. G., Peterson, S. A., Walsh, J. L., & Burgess, L. W. (2011). Fusarium species associated with plants in Australia. Fungal Diversity, 46 (1), 1-27.
  40. Summerell, B. A., Rugg, C. A., & Burgess, L. W. (1993). Mycogeography of Fusarium: survey of Fusarium species associated with forest and woodland communities in north Queens land, Australia. Mycological Research, 97 (8), 1015-1019.
  41. Tamura, K.; & Nei, M. (1993). Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 10 (3), 512–526.
  42. Villani, A., Moretti, A., De Saeger, S., Han, Z., Di Mavungu, J. D., Soares, C. M. G., Proctor, R. H., Venâncio, A., Lima, N., Stea, G., Paciolla, C., Logrieco, A. F., & Susca, A. (2016). A polyphasic approach for characterization of a collection of cereal isolates of the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 234 ,24-35.
  43. Vujanovic, V., Hamel, C., Yergeau, E., & St-Arnaud, M. (2006). Biodiversity and biogeography of Fusarium species from northeastern North American asparagus fields based on microbiological and molecular approaches. Microbial Ecology, 51 (2), 242-255.
  44. Zhong, S., & Steffenson, B. J. (2001). Virulence and molecular diversity in Cochliobolus sativus. Phytopathology, 91 (5), 469-476.‏
دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران
دوره 52، شماره 1
شهریور 1400
صفحه 149-159

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 مهر 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 دی 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 اسفند 1399

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار