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تاثیر کشندگی و زیرکشندگی اسانس‌های زنیان (Carum copticum L.) و رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) به همراه خاک دیاتومه روی برخی شاخص‌های جدول زندگی سوسک کشیش (Rhyzopertha dominica F.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 موسسه آموزش عالی سبلان، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

سوسک کشیش، Rhyzopertha dominica F.، یک آفت مهم محصولات انباری است که از نظر اقتصادی، خسارت قابل توجهی را در غلات ایجاد می‌کند. با توجه به ضرورت استفاده از روش‌های کنترل جایگزین سموم شیمیایی، در پژوهش حاضر تاثیر کشندگی و زیرکشندگی اسانس‌های دو گونه گیاهی زنیان (Carum copticum L.) و رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) به همراه خاک دیاتومه رویR. dominica مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس‌های گیاهی با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی- طیف‌سنج جرمی شناسایی شد. عمده‌ترین ترکیبات شیمیایی در اسانس زنیان Phenol، Benzene و γ-Terpinene و در اسانس رازیانه Propanal، Trans-anethole، γ-Terpinene، Benzene و Cyclohexene بودند. سمیت اسانس رازیانه (LC50 = 83/103 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا) علیه حشرات کامل R. dominica بیش‌تر از اسانس زنیان (LC50 = 46/167 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا) بود. مقدار LC50 خاک دیاتومه نیز 052/0 گرم بر کیلوگرم به دست آمد. نتایج آزمایش تاثیر زیرکشندگی (LC30) نشان داد که طول عمر حشرات کامل نر و ماده و نیز زادآوری ماده‌ها به طور معنی‌داری در تیمار اسانس زنیان همراه با خاک دیاتومه کم-ترین بود. هم‌چنین، نرخ خالص تولید‌مثل (R0)، نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت(rm) و نرخ متناهی افزایش جمعیت (λ) آفت در تیمارهای ترکیب اسانس زنیان همراه با خاک دیاتومه و ترکیب اسانس رازیانه همراه با خاک دیاتومه به طور معنی‌داری کم‌تر )05/0(P < از سایر تیمارها بود. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که می‌توان از اسانس‌های هر یک از این گیاهان به همراه خاک دیاتومه در برنامه‌های مدیریتی R. dominica استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils of Ajwain (Carum copticum L.) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) along with diatomaceous earth on some life table parameters of the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica F.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gadir Nouri Ganbalani 1
  • Zahra Abedi 1
  • Leila Mottaghinia 1
  • Alireza Nouri 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Institute of Higher Education of Sabalan, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

The lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica F. is an important pest of the stored products, which causes severe economic damage on grain. Regarding necesity of using alternative methods to chemical insecticides, in the present study the lethal and sublethal effects of the essential oils of Ajwain (Carum copticum L.) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) along with diatomaceous earth were evaluated against R. dominica. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components of Ajwain were phenol, benzene, and γ-terpinene and those of the fennel were propanal, trans-anethole, γ-terpinene, benzene, and cyclohexene. The toxicity of fennel essential oil (LC50 = 103.83 µl/l air) against the adults of R. dominica was higher than Ajwain essential oil (LC50 = 167.46 µl/l air). The LC50 for the diatomaceous earth was obtained 0.052 g/kg. Results of the experiment of sublethal effects (LC30) showed that males and females’ longevity and the fecundity of females were significantly lowest in the combination of Ajwain essential oil along with diatomaceous earth. Furthermore, the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), and finite rate of increase (λ) of the pest, in both the combination of Ajwain essential oil along with diatomaceous earth and fennel essential oil along with diatomaceous earth were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than other treatments. The results of this study indicated that the essential oils of each of these plants in combination with diatomaceous earth can be used in the management programs of R. dominica.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential oils
  • stored product pest
  • lethal effect
  • sublethal effect
  • diatomaceous earth

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دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران
دوره 53، شماره 2
بهمن 1401
صفحه 209-224

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 14 تیر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 26 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 مهر 1401

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