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تأثیر مایه‌زنی قارچ‌ریشه های آربوسکولار بر پژمردگی ورتیسلیومی دو پایه پسته احمد‌آقایی و بادامی زرند: ویژگی‌های رشدی، تغذیه‌ای و بیوشیمیایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهشکده پسته، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رفسنجان، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

چکیده

پژمردگی ورتیسلیومی یکی از بیماری‌های مهم بوده که می‌تواند خسارت زیادی را به درختان پسته وارد نماید. قارچ‌ریشه‌های آربوسکولار علاوه بر بهبود وضعیت رشدی گیاهان باعث افزایش تحمل به عوامل بیماریزا می‌گردند. در این تحقیق تاثیر مخلوط سه گونه قارچ‌ریشه‌ آربوسکولار Funneliformis mosseae ، Rhizophagus irregularis وClaroideoglomus etunicatum بر بیماری پژمردگی ورتیسلیومی دو پایه پسته احمدآقایی و بادامی زرند (به ترتیب حساس و مقاوم به بیماری) ارزیابی گردید. مایه-زنی قارچ‌ریشه‌های آربوسکولار (AM) در هنگام کاشت بذرها و مایه‌زنی بیمارگر (Vd) پس از 52 روز، با استفاده از اینوکولوم تکثیر شده روی بستره ماسه-آرد جو-آب مقطر، انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه‌ای کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تکرار در گلخانه اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که مایه‌زنی قارچ‌ریشه‌های آربوسکولار در هر دو پایه پسته وزن خشک ریشه و اندام -هوایی، ارتفاع و قطر ساقه، سطح برگ، غلظت عناصر غذایی، پرولین، قندهای محلول، کلروفیل و شاخص کلروفیل را در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد و مایه‌زنی شده با بیمارگر افزایش می‌دهد. در تیمار AM+Vd، تنها در پایه احمدآقایی حضور بیمارگر باعث کاهش درصد کلنیزاسیون قارچ‌ریشه‌های آربوسکولار در مقایسه با تیمار AM گردید. در انتهای آزمایش شاخص بیماریزایی در تیمار Vd در دو پایه احمدآقایی و بادامی زرند به ترتیب 9/3 و 9/1 بود که در تیمار AM+Vd به 6/3 و 1/1 رسید که کاهش معنی‌داری را نشان می‌داد. نتایج تحقیق حاضر بیانگر این موضوع بود که مایه‌زنی قارچ‌ریشه‌های آربوسکولار با بهبود خصوصیات رشدی، تغذیه-ای و بیوشیمیایی می‌تواند باعث افزایش مقاومت نهال‌های پسته به پژمردگی ورتیسلیومی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae on Verticillium wilt of pistachio rootstocks Ahmad Aghaei and Badami Zarand: growth, nutritional and biochemical characteristics

نویسندگان [English]

  • sakineh jamali paghaleh 1
  • Naser Radman 2
  • Amir Hossein Mohammadi 3
  • Mahdi Pirnia 2
  • Abdolhosein Taheri 4
1 ِPh. D. student, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Pistachio Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rafsanjan, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
چکیده [English]

Verticillium wilt is one of the important diseases that causes economic damage to pistachio trees. Arbuscular mycorrhizae in addition to improvement of plant growth, can increase tolerance to plant pathogens. In this research, the effect of mixture of three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus irregularis and Claroideoglomus etunicatum was evaluated on Verticillium wilt of pistachio rootstocks Ahmad Aghaei and Badami Zarand (susceptible and resistant to Verticillium dahliae, respectively). Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) inoculation was done at the time of sowing pistachio seeds and pathogen (Vd) inoculated after 52 days using amended inoculum on sand-barley flour-distilled water substrate. The experiment was performed as factorial in completely randomized design with 5 replications in greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the inoculation of AM increases shoot and root dry weight, stem height and diameter, leaf area, concentration of nutrients, proline, soluble sugars, chlorophyll comparison with the control and inoculated plants with the pathogen. In AM+Vd treatment, the presence of the pathogen only in Ahmad Aghaei rootstock caused a decrease in the colonization percentage of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi comparison with the AM treatment. At the end of the experiment, the pathogenicity index in the Vd treatment was 3.9 and 1.9 in Ahmad Aghaei and Badami Zarand rootstocks respectively but in the AM+Vd treatment it reached to 3.6 and 1.1, which showed a significant decrease in disease severity. It is concluded that inoculation of AM by improving the growth, nutritional and biochemical characteristics can increase resistance of pistachio seedlings to Verticillium wilt.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological control
  • Chlorophyll
  • Proline
  • Mineral elements
  • Verticillium dahliae

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دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران
دوره 53، شماره 2
بهمن 1401
صفحه 239-254

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 مهر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 04 آبان 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 16 آبان 1401

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