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ارزیابی روش‌های کنترل شیمیایی و زراعی پسیل معمولی پسته، Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem.: Psyllidae)، در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و صحرایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی‌ ارشد حشره‌‌‌شناسی کشاورزی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پسیل معمولی پسته، مهم‌ترین آفت بومی در پسته‌کاری‌های ایران می‌باشد. در این پژوهش مقادیر LC50 و LC90 آفتکش‌های موونتو، سیوانتو، استارکل و دایابون روی این آفت در شرایط آزمایشگاهی به دست آمد. سپس در شرایط صحرایی به همراه تیمار آب‌پاشی و کود مایع سیلیکات پتاسیم علیه آفت به کار رفت. میزان مرگ‌و‌میر پوره‌ها 3، 7، 14 و 21 روز بعد از محلول‌پاشی محاسبه گردید. داده‌های صحرایی بر اساس آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرارو با دو فاکتور تیمار و زمان تاثیر، تجزیه آماری شد. مقادیر LC50 و LC90 حشره‌کش‌ها در آزمایشات زیست‌سنجی به ترتیب برای موونتو 78/500 و 88/1933، دایابون 57/7259 و 41/19839، سیوانتو 85/59 و 16/193 و استارکل 19/7 و 96/36 میکرولیتر بر لیتر به دست آمد. میزان تلفات آفت در شرایط صحرایی برای غلظت‌های کشنده 50 درصد آفت‌کش‌های دایابون، استارکل، سیوانتو، کود سیلیکات پتاسیم، پاشش آب و آفت‌کش‌ مونتو، سه روز بعد از سم‌پاشی به ترتیب 33/81، 66/70، 33/57، 00/56، 00/48 و 66/45 درصد به دست آمد. در روز چهاردهم تلفات در تیمار موونتو به 84 درصد رسید و به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از سایر تیمارها بود و در روز بیست و یکم نیز همین روند ادامه یافت. بنابراین سمیت و دوام آفت‌کش‌های دایابون و موونتو در شرایط صحرایی بیشتر از سایر تیمارها بود و استارکل کمترین دوام را روی این آفت نشان داد.، بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش آفت‌کش‌ دایابون، کود سیلیکات‌پتاسیم و آب پاشی به دلیل سازگاری با محیط‌زیست و موونتو به دلیل دوام بیشتر برای کنترل این آفت مناسب است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the chemical and cultural control methods of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem.: Psyllide), in the laboratory and field conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sayed mohammad reza Tahami 1
  • َAlireza Askarianzadeh 2
  • Jaber Karimi 3
1 Graduated in Masters of Science (MSc) in Agricultural Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahid University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahid University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahid University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Common pistachio psylla, is a native pest in pistachio orchards of Iran. In this research, the LC50 and LC90 values of Movento, Sivanto, Starkel and Diabon pesticides were obtained on the nymphs of this pest in laboratory conditions. Then it was used against the pest in field conditions along with water spray treatment and potassium silicate liquid fertilizer. Finally, the mortality of nymphs was calculated 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after spraying. The field data were statistically analyzed as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design in three replications with two factors of treatment and effect time. The values of LC50 and LC90 of insecticides in bioassay tests are respectively for Movento 500.78 and 1933.88, for Diabon 7259.57 and19839.41, for Sivanto 59.85 and 193.16 and for Starkel 7.19 and 36.96 µl/l were estimated. The results of the field test showed that the highest pest mortality on the third day after spraying were related to Diabon, Starkel, Sivanto insecticides, potassium silicate fertilizer, water spray and Movento pesticide, respectively equal to 81.33, 70.66., 57.33, 56.00, 48.00 and 45.66%. On the 14th day, the mortality rate in Movento treatment reached 84% and was significantly higher than other treatments. Therefore, the toxicity and durability of Diabon and Movento are more than other treatments. Based on the results of this research, Diabon pesticide, potassium silicate fertilizer and water spray due to its compatibility with the environment and Movento insecticide due to its durability It is suitable to control this pest.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • pistachio psylla
  • Dayabon
  • potassium silicate
  • Movento
  • bioassay

مراجع

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دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران
دوره 53، شماره 2
بهمن 1401
صفحه 271-282

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 آبان 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 17 دی 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 بهمن 1401

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