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ارزیابی اثرآنتاگونیستی گونه‌های Trichoderma روی Phytophthora citrophthora، عامل پوسیدگی ریشه و طوقه مرکبات

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، ایران

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، ;کرمان، ایران

3 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر(عج) رفسنجان، ایران

چکیده

پوسیدگی ریشه و طوقه از جمله بیماری‌های مهم درختان مرکبات در ایران است. روش‌های مختلفی از جمله مهار زیستی برای مدیریت این بیماری پیشنهاد شده است. گونه‌های تریکودرما به‌طور گسترده در همه خاک‌ها و مواد گیاهی وجود دارد. در این بررسی از 27 جدایه تریکودرما برای مهار زیستی Phytophthora citrophthora استفاده شد. سنجش کمی آنزیم سلولاز و بتا 1-3 گلوکاناز جدایه‌های تریکودرما به روش دی‌نیتروسالیسیلیک ‌اسید انجام شد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ این آزمایش‌ها ﻧﺸﺎن داد که بیش‌ترین مقدار مربوط به جدایه T. harzianum CT-763 و T. virens CT-9715 با 2 µmol/ml فعالیت آنزیمی می‌باشد. بررسی‌های ماکروسکوپی و میکروسکوپی تقابل مستقیم جدایه‌های مختلف تریکودرما با بیمارگر، تأثیر بازدارندگی متابولیت‌های فرار و غیرفرار جدایه‌ها روی رشد میسلیومی بیمارگر انجام شد. تمامی جدایه‌های تریکودرما و همچنین ترکیبات فرار و غیر‌فرار آنها سبب بازدارندگی رشد میسلیومی بیمارگر فیتوفتورا شدند. بیشترین درصد بازدارندگی در آزمون کشت متقابل ‌همزمان و‌ غیر‌همزمان ناشی از جدایه T. virens CT-9715 بود. بیشترین تأثیر بازدارندگی درآزمون ترکیبات غیرفرار جدایه‌های T. afroharzianum CT-891، T. aureoviridis CT-936 و T. atroviride CT-865 با 100 درصد و در آزمون ترکیبات فرار جدایه T. afroharzianum CT-55 با 50 درصد تعیین شدند. در بررسی میکروسکوپی اثر قارچ‌انگلی جدایه‌های تریکودرما و فیتوفتورا مشخص شد که جدایه‌های T. harzianum (CT-566, CT-862, CT-634, CT-873) ، T. afroharzianum CT-55 و T. aureoviridis CT-936 با فرآیندهایی مثل پیچش و فروپاشی باعث تخریب میسلیوم‌های بیمارگر شدند. برای کاربردی شدن این جدایه‌های موفق بومی به صورت آفت‌کش زیستی، انجام مطالعات تکمیلی اثر زیست مهار آنها بر بیمارگر فیتوفتورا در شرایط طبیعی ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the antagonistic effect of Trichoderma species on Phytophthora citrophthora, the causal agent of citrus root and crown rot

نویسندگان [English]

  • nasibeh barahoei 1
  • Hossein Alaei Shahvali Anar 2
  • Roohallah Saberi Riseh, 3
  • Ebrahim Sedaghati 2
1 Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran
3 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Valiasr University, Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Crown and root rot is one of the important diseases of citrus trees in Iran. Various methods, including biological control, have been proposed to control this disease. Trichoderma species are widely present in all soils and plant materials. In this study, 27 Trichoderma strains were used for biological control of Phytophthora citrophthora. Measurement of cellulase enzyme and beta 1-3 glucanase produced by Trichoderma spp. was done using the dinitrosalicylic acid method. The results showed that the highest values are related to T. harzianum CT-763 and T. virens CT-9715 strains with 2 µmol/ml enzyme activity. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the dualculture of different Trichoderma strains with the pathogen, the inhibitory effect of volatile and non-volatile metabolites on mycelial growth of the pathogen were done. All Trichoderma strains and their volatile and non-volatile compounds inhibited on pathogen mycelia growth. The highest percentage of inhibition dualculture tests was caused by T. virens CT-9715. The highest inhibitory effect was determined for T. afroharzianum CT-891, T. aureoviridis CT-936, T. atroviride CT-865 with 100% and T. afroharzianum CT-55 with 50% in the non-volatile and volatile compounds assay, respectively. In microscopic examination of mycoparasitism effect of Trichoderma spp. and P. citrophthora, it was found that T. harzianum (CT-566, CT-862, CT-634, CT-873), T. afroharzianum CT-55 and T. aureoviridis CT-936, destroyed the mycelium of pathogen by a process such as twisting and lysis. For application of these successful local strains as biopesticide, it is necessary to perform additional studies on their biocontrol effects on Phytophthora in natural conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biocontrol
  • Cellulase
  • Dinitrosalicylic acid
  • Gummosis

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دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران
دوره 53، شماره 2
بهمن 1401
صفحه 295-311

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 آذر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 26 بهمن 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 06 اسفند 1401

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