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بررسی مقاومت مراحل مختلف رشدی سفید بالک پنبه Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) نسبت به حشره کش اسپیروتترامت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

3 موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سفیدبالک پنبه بانام علمی Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)  از آفات مهم محصولات کشاورزی است که خسارت اقتصادی زیادی ایجاد می‌کند. در این پژوهش اثر ترکیب اسپیروتترامات روی سه مرحله مختلف رشدی آفت در چند جمعیت آن، که از استان‌های مختلف کشور جمع‌آوری‌شده بود، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. زیست‌سنجی به روش غوطه‌وری دیسک برگی انجام شد. نتایج نشان‌دهنده حساسیت بیشتر مرحله پوره سن دو نسبت به مرحله حشره بالغ و مرحله تخم بود؛ درحالی‌که مرحله حشره کامل کمترین حساسیت را نسبت به اسپیروتترامات نشان داد. بیشترین نرخ مقاومت در مراحل مختلف رشدی، در جمعیت جیرفت مشاهده شد، نسبت مقاومت در حشرات کامل جمعیت های کرج، یزد، پیشوا و جیرفت به ترتیب 6/7، 2/6، 2/4 و 6/9 و در پوره سن دوم به ترتیب 2 ، 2/2، 1/2 و 5/5 محاسبه شد. بررسی آنزیم‌های سم‌زدا حاکی از میزان فعالیت بیشتر آنزیم‌های مونواکسیژناز (43/3 برابر جمعیت پایه) در جمعیت مقاوم جیرفت نسبت به جمعیت مرند بود که نشان‌دهنده نقش مؤثر این آنزیم‌ در ایجاد مقاومت به این حشره‌کش است. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده برای جلوگیری از بروز مقاومت استفاده از ترکیبات شیمیایی با شیوه تأثیر متفاوت، که ضمن اثرگذاری بر مراحل مختلف رشدی، بتواند از بروز مقاومت تقاطعی جلوگیری کند، کاملاً ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation on the resistance of different growth stages of cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to spirotetramat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Mohammad Nejad Havestin 1
  • Qodratollah Sabahi 2
  • Ali R. Bandani 1
  • AZIZ Sheikhigarjan 3
1 Department of Plant Protection, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Protection, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 Iranian Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the important pests of agricultural products that causes great economic losses. In this research, the effect of spirotetramat on three different developmental stages of the pest was studied in several populations that were collected from different provinces of Iran. Bioassay was done by leaf disk method. The results showed a higher sensitivity of the 2nd nymph stage compared to the adult stage and the egg stage; while the adult stage showed the least sensitivity to spirotetramat. The highest rate of resistance in different developmental stages was observed in the Jiroft population The LC50 ratios of adults in Karaj, Yazd, Pishwa, and Jiroft populations to sensitive one (Marand) were 7.6, 6.2, 4.2, and 9.6, respectively. For second instar nymphs, the ratios were 2.0, 2.2, 2.1, and 5.5 respectively. The investigation on detoxification enzymes indicated the higher activity of monooxygenase enzyme in the resistant population of Jiroft (3.34-fold) compared to the Marand population, which indicates the effective role of these enzymes in creating resistance. According to the results, to prevent resistance development, it is necessary to use other chemical compounds with different modes of action to prevent the occurrence of cross-resistance while affecting different developmental stages of pests.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton whitefly
  • Metabolic detoxification
  • Resistance
  • Spirotetramat

Extended Abstract

Introduction

    Cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the important pests of agricultural plants that causes great economic loss. The main damages occur by sucking plant sap and transmission of the viral disease which causes severe economic losses to the hosts. Chemical compounds play an important role in controlling the pest. However, it showed high degrees of resistance to different groups of insecticides. Monitoring of the pest resistance to various insecticide compounds is necessary for the application of IPM. In this research, the effect of insecticide spirotetramat, on resistance development of cotton whitefly was studied in samples of populations collected from various provinces of Iran.

Materials and Methods

Adult whitefly samples were collected from five different provinces on different host plants during 2020 and 2021. The plant leaves contain nymphs and adult insects were gathered and placed into cages under controlled conditions. The nymphs and adults were reared on eggplants and then used for bioassay and detoxifying enzyme activity tests at different developmental stages. Data analysis was done using Polo Plus software. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23 software.

 

Results and Discussion

   The results of bioassays showed a higher sensitivity of cotton whitefly at the second nymphal stage. The adult insect stage showed the least sensitivity. The highest rate of resistance in different developmental stages was observed in the Jiroft population. The LC50 ratio for spirotetramat in the populations collected from Karaj, Yazd, Pishva, and Jiroft was 7.6, 6.2, 4.2, and 9.6, in the adult stage and 2, 2.2, 1.2, and 5.5 for 2nd nymphs respectively, compared to the sensitive population (Marand). The investigation on detoxifying enzymes indicated the higher activity of mono-oxygenase enzymes (3.43 fold) in the population of Jiroft compared to the sensitive one.

 

Conclusion

    In this study, we observed a low level of resistance for cotton whiteflies to spirotetramat at different growth stages of various pest populations. We also showed the effective role of mono-oxygenase enzymes in occurring resistance to this insecticide. To prevent the development of resistance, it is necessary to use chemical compounds with different modes of action such as spirotetramat in a rotational program of insecticide use. This approach should prevent the development of resistance of pests at different growth stages.

مراجع

بهلول زاده، مهدی، طالبی جهرمی، خلیل و حسینی نوه، وحید (2012). ارزیابی حساسیت سه جمعیت عسلک پنبه Bemisia tabaci (Hom.:  Aleyrodidae) به حشره­کش­های ایمیداکلوپرید و آمیتراز. دانش گیاه‌پزشکی ایران، (2)43، 356-345.
محمد نژاد هاوستین، مجید و صباحی، قدرت اله (1400). بررسی آنزیمی حساسیت جمعیت‌های مختلف شته جالیز Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) نسبت به دو  حشره‌کش اسپیروتترامت و فلونیکامید. دانش گیاه‌پزشکی ایران، (1)52، 147-135.
 
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دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران
دوره 54، شماره 1
شهریور 1402
صفحه 59-75

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 بهمن 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 اردیبهشت 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 اردیبهشت 1402

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