ارزیابی مقاومت نسبت به بیماری زنگ برگ گندم در نمونه های ژنتیکی منتخب گندم نان بانک ژن گیاهی ملی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سیمین طاهری اردستانی ¹
• حسین صارمی ²
• احمد عباسی مقدم ³
• محمدرضا بی همتا ⁴
• سید طه دادرضایی ³

¹ گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

² گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

³ مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

⁴ گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

کلیدواژه‌ها

• Puccinia triticina
• زنگ قهوه ای
• لاین‌های گندم بومی
• ارقام مقاوم تجاری گندم
• منابع مقاومت

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of leaf rust resistance in selected bread wheat accessions from the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

• Simin Taheri-Ardestani ¹
• Hossein Saremi ²
• Ahmad Abbasi-Moghadam ³
• Mohammad Reza Bihamta ⁴
• Seyed Taha Dadrezaei ³

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Puccinia triticina
• Leaf rust
• germplasm
• bread wheat
• resistance source

Extended Abstract

Introduction

    Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is more prevalent worldwide than the other two wheat rusts. Wheat germplasm held in genebanks is an excellent source of genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and Iran, where bread wheat originated, has rich resources of disease resistance genes. Development and production of resistant cultivars is one of the most effective ways of disease management. In this research, the resistance of genetic accession and common cultivars in Iran to leaf rust has been studied.

Materials and Methods

In this research, resistance to leaf rust was evaluated in 100 purified lines from the bread wheat germplasm collection of the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran and 10 common cultivars in Iran as well as differential lines at both seedling and adult stages. The fungal isolate was collected from the Gorgan region. The isolate was purified by the single postule method, then multiplied and identified. The greenhouse experiments were conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications. The field experiment was conducted in Aragi-Mahaleh station of Gorgan, Golestan province. It was in the form of an augmented design in 5 blocks and replication of 3 cultivars, Araz, Kalate, and Tirgan. Two cultivars, Bolani and Morocco, were used as susceptible cultivars.

Results and discussion

The Gor01 isolate's virulence was determined based on its reaction to the differential set. It was found to be virulent on Lr22b, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr3ka, Lr3bg, Lr11, Lr12, Lr13, Lr14a, Lr14b, Lr15, Lr17, Lr22a, Lr23, Lr24, Lr25, Lr29, Lr30, Lr32, Lr33, Lr35, Lr37, Lrb, Lr13 but avirulent on Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr9, Lr10, Lr16, Lr18, Lr19, Lr20, Lr21, Lr26, (Lr10, Lr27+ Lr31), Lr28, Lr34. Among the wheat germplasms, 31% were in the susceptible (S) category, 42% were in the moderately susceptible (MS) category, 9% were in the moderately resistant (MR) category and 18% were in the resistant (R) category under greenhouse conditions. Among the varieties, Sarang was in the moderately susceptible category, and Araz and Sirvan were in the moderately resistant category. Two varieties, Bolani and Morocco, were placed in the susceptible category and other varieties were placed in the resistant category. The results of the experiment conducted under field conditions showed that 23% of the wheat germplasm had an S reaction, 16% had an MR reaction, and 3% had an MS reaction; the remaining wheat germplasms also had an R reaction. The Bolani and Morocco cultivars exhibited an S reaction, while the others showed an R reaction.

Conclusion

Accessions that had a longer incubation period showed a low infection type. This could be the reaction of the non-race specific gene (genes) for resistance that could phenotypically present the slow rusting reaction. Based on field and greenhouse experiments, it was found that 24.7% of the accessions and cultivars were resistant in both the greenhouse and the field. These accessions could have the all-stage resistant gene(genes) and 38.1% of the germplasms and cultivars were susceptible in the greenhouse but resistant in the field. These germplasms could have the adult plant stage resistant gene(genes). Conversely, only 2.9% showed resistance in the greenhouse but susceptibility in the field reveals the presence of new pathotypes in the field. Finally, 34.3% showed susceptibility in both the greenhouse and the field. The wheat germplasm was resistant in both conditions and those with susceptibility in the greenhouse but resistance in the field were selected for further investigation in the development of resistant cultivars.