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اثر نانوذرات اکسیدروی، اکسیدمس و دی‌اکسیدسیلیکون بر مهار پوسیدگی انگور ناشی از قارچ‌های Aspergillus niger Tiegh.، Botrytis cinerea Pers. و Penicillium expansum Link. در شرایط دمای اتاق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر نانوذرات اکسیدروی، اکسیدمس و دی‌اکسیدسیلیکون بر کنترل سه بیمارگر قارچی Aspergillus niger، Botrytis cinerea و Penicillium expansum روی انگور رقم شاهروردی در شرایط دمای اتاق در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد که محلول‌پاشی خوشه‌های انگور با نانو اکسیدروی و نانو دی‌اکسیدسیلیکون منجر به بیشترین مهار پوسیدگی انگورهای تلقیح شده با قارچ‌های A. niger و B. cinereal شد که تفاوت معنی‌داری نسبت به شاهد نشان داد. کمترین پوسیدگی نیز از محلول‌پاشی خوشه‌های انگور با نانو اکسیدروی و نانو اکسیدمس بر انگورهای تلقیح شده با P. expansum به‌دست آمد، بیشترین پوسیدگی نیز در انگورهای شاهد مشاهده شد. نانو اکسیدروی همچنین باعث افزایش مواد جامد محلول کل در میوه‌های انگور تلقیح شده با A. niger شد. حبه و ساقه انگورهای تلقیح شده با قارچ‌های مورد آزمایش پس از تیمار با نانوذرات اکسیدروی ظاهر بهتری نسبت به میوه‌های تیمار شده با سایر نانوذرات اکسید فلزی و شاهد داشتند. علاوه‌براین، میوه‌های تلقیح شده با A. niger و محلول‌پاشی شده با نانو اکسیدروی و نانو دی‌اکسیدسیلیکون، محتوای فنل بیشتری نسبت به سایرین داشتند. محتوای آنتوسیانین میوه‌های انگور تلقیح شده با B. cinerea و تیمار شده با نانو اکسیدروی به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از میوه‌های محلول‌پاشی شده با سایر نانوذرات اکسید فلزی و شاهد بود. همچنین، در میوه‌های انگور تلقیح شده با A. niger و P. expansum، بیشترین فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی به‌ترتیب از طریق محلول‌پاشی با نانو اکسیدروی و محلول‌پاشی با نانو اکسیدروی و نانو اکسیدمس به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the effects of zinc oxide, copper oxide, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles on the control of grape rot caused by Aspergillus niger Tiegh., Botrytis cinerea Pers. and Penicillium expansum Link. at room temperature

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fahimeh Feyzi Laeen 1
  • Bahram Abedy 1
  • Gholam Hossein Davarynejad 1
  • Parissa Taheri 2
1 Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study is completely randomized research aimed to investigate the effects of zinc oxide, copper oxide, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles on the control of grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Shahroodi) rot caused by Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, and Penicillium expansum fungi at room temperature. The results of this research showed that the rotting of grapes that were infected by A. niger and B. cinerea was greatly inhibited by spraying grape bunches with nano-zinc oxide and nano-silicon dioxide. The lowest rate of rotting in grapes infected with P. expansum was also obtained by spraying grape bunches with nano-zinc oxide and nano-copper oxide. Nano-zinc oxide also increased total soluble solids in grape fruits inoculated with A. niger, although it had no significant effect on grapes inoculated with other fungi. Also, the results showed that the berry and stem of the grapes which were infected with fungi and treated with nano-zinc oxide had a better appearance compared to the fruits treated with other nanoparticles and the control. Furthermore, fruits infected with A. niger, and sprayed with nano-zinc oxide and nano-silicon dioxide had higher phenol contents compared to the samples treated with other nanoparticles and control. Anthocyanin content in grapes infected with B. cinerea and treated with zinc oxide nanoparticles was significantly higher than in controls and samples treated with other nanoparticles. In grape fruits infected with A. niger and P. expansum, antioxidant activity was increased by spraying with nano-zinc oxide, and nano-zinc oxide, and nano-copper oxide, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antifungal activity
  • antioxidant activity
  • inhibitory effect
  • phenol
  • post-harvest

Extended Abstract

Introduction

One of the most important problems in the postharvest quality of fruits is the control of fungal rot, which leads to economic losses every year by decreasing fruit quality. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) are among the fruits that are very sensitive to fungal rot after harvest. On the other hand, due to the risks of using synthetic fungicides and chemicals, consumer demands for healthy, fresh, and organic foods have increased. Therefore, researchers are seeking safe, effective, and economical alternative methods. Recently, metal oxide nanoparticles have been proposed as an alternate due to their strong antimicrobial effects on a wide range of microorganisms. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of nanoparticles of zinc oxide, copper oxide, and silicon dioxide on the control of decay caused by fungi A. niger, B. cinerea, and P. expansum on grape fruit of Shahroodi cultivar at room temperature.

 

Materials and Methods

This study aimed to investigate the effects of zinc oxide, copper oxide, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles on the control of grape rot caused by A. niger, B. cinerea, and P. expansum fungi at room temperature. This study was done during 2019-2022 at the laboratories of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Samples of A. niger and P. expansum were obtained from the Fungal Collection of the Department of Plant Protection, Ferdowsi University, and the B. cinerea sample (IRAN 2619C) was obtained from the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection.

 

Results and Discussion

The results of this research showed that the rotting of grapes that were infected by A. niger and B. cinerea was greatly inhibited by spraying grape bunches with nano-zinc oxide and nano-silicon dioxide. The lowest rate of rotting in grapes infected with P. expansum was also obtained by spraying grape bunches with nano-zinc oxide (0.16) and nano-copper oxide (0.25). Nano-zinc oxide also increased total soluble solids in grape fruits inoculated with A. niger (16.87), although it had no significant effect on grapes inoculated with other fungi. Also, the results showed that the berry and stem of the grapes which were infected with fungi and treated with nano-zinc oxide had a better appearance compared to the fruits treated with other nanoparticles and the control. Furthermore, Fruits infected with A. niger and sprayed with nano-zinc oxide and nano-silicon dioxide had higher phenol contents (147.66 and 143.33 mg GAE.kg-1 fresh fruit, respectively) compared to the samples treated with other nanoparticles and control (106.66 and 101.66 mg GAE.kg-1 fresh fruit, respectively). Anthocyanin content in grapes infected with B. cinerea and treated with zinc oxide nanoparticles was significantly higher (1.85 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside.g-1 fresh fruit) than in controls and samples treated with other nanoparticles. In grape fruits infected with A. niger and P. expansum, antioxidant activity was increased by spraying with nano-zinc oxide (48%), and nano-zinc oxide, and nano-copper oxide (43.33% and 42.33%, respectively). Researchers reported that treatments based on nano-zinc oxide on apple, peach, and strawberry fruits, in addition to reducing fruit rot, maintaining levels of soluble solids and titratable (Li et al., 2011a), maintaining fruit quality, significantly delaying weight loss, firmness, decay percentage, pH and vitamin C content and had positive effects on maintaining higher total anthocyanin concentrations and antioxidant capacity (Sogvar et al., 2016). Nano silicon dioxide in combination with chitosan greatly improved the quality of longan fruit during storage at room temperature (Shi et al., 2013). Chitosan/nano-silica coating effectively reduced internal browning and weight loss of loquat fruit and maintained high levels of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, glucose, and fructose (Song et al., 2016).

 

Conclusion

In general, the results of this study reveal that among the examined metal oxide nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles have the great capability to control fruit rots caused by A. niger, B. cinerea, and P. expansum fungi. Also, the grape berries and the stems which are sprayed with zinc oxide nanoparticles have a better appearance. In addition, zinc oxide nanoparticles spray led to higher phenolic and anthocyanin content in grapes inoculated with A. niger and B. cinerea compared to samples treated with other metal oxide nanoparticles and controls. In grapes inoculated with A. niger and P. expansum, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained by spraying with nano zinc oxide and spraying with nano zinc oxide and nano copper oxide, respectively.

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دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران
دوره 55، شماره 1
شهریور 1403
صفحه 23-42

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