نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
2 گروه زیست شناسی دانشکده علوم دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
3 گروه احیاء و مدیریت مناطق خشک و بیابانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کویر شناسی دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.
4 گروه احیاء و مدیریت مناطق خشک و بیابانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کویر شناسی دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Biological control of plant disease using phytohormones and secondary metabolites is the goal of sustainable agriculture. In this research, the effect of Resveratrol drug on inducing resistance in two tomato cultivars against fusarium wilting disease in greenhouse conditions was investigated. Commercial Captain and Termeh cultivars and Fusrium oxysporum fsp. lycopersici fungus were used in a randomized block design with four repetitions. Two 100 and 150 µg/mL concentrations of Resveratrol at 3-4 leaf stage were applied for this test. Some of the growth traits such as root dry and fresh weight and aerial parts height, and also the change of some defense enzyme activity such as catalase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, and total phenol, and expression of some genes involved in plant resistance mechanisms were measured. The results showed a significant difference in growth parameters between all treatments in comparison to the control, especially at 150 µg/mL concentration of resveratrol. However, the highest rate change of enzyme activity was observed in infected Termeh cv. The high gene expression was concerned with Npr1 in the Captain cv. The results of this research show that resveratrol drugs could be used as a resistance inducer in plant disease stress. However, in comparison to current resistance inducers in plant pathology salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, resveratrol has less efficiency.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an annual plant belonging to the Solanaceae family. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum fsp. Lycopersici is the most common wilt disease in tomato plant which cause a graet economic losses, especially in greenhouse conditions. Symptoms of tomato wilting disease intiate with small spots of wilting. The first symptoms appear when fruit are ripping. Leaves of infected plants show yellowing spots on one side of the leaves fowllwed by wilting. Chemical pesticides are the first strategy for disease control, but despite their benefits and effectiveness in crop production and disease management, the use of pesticides poses significant hazards to the environment and public health. Therefore, the best defense is to induce acquired resistant using biological agentsvia integrated pest management. Biological control of plant diseases using phytohormones and secondary metabolites is the goal of sustainable agriculture. In this research, the effects of Resveratrol as a drug base on phytohormones property on inducing resistance in two tomato cultivars against fusarium wilting disease in greenhouse conditions was investigated.
Material Methods
Two tomato cultivars, Captain and Termeh, were used in this research. The tomato seeds were surface sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for three minutes to produce seedling plant. The Seedlings were carefully transfered into 18 cm pots. Fusrium oxysporum fsp. lycopersici funguswas used for pathogenicity test in a randomized block design with four repetitions. The plants were sprayed with 100 and 150 µM concentrations of Resveratrol twice at 4-6 leaf stage. Some agricultural traits and also the activity of some defense enzymes, such as catalase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, and total phenol were assayed. The expression levels of three eds1, npr1, and pds genes involved in plant resistance were analyzed using qRT-PCR methods. Acquired data were analyzed by SAS software and gene expression analysis was conducted using the comparative ∆∆ct method.
Results and Discussion
The comparison of the effect of resveratrol on the growth parameters in two tomato cultivars showed that resveratrol significantly increased measured growth parameters at a statistical level of 5% compared to control plants. The results showed that resveratrol had a conciderable effect on stem height than on other parameters, and the Termeh cultivar was more affected by resveratrol than the Captain cultivar. The lowest rate of changes in the root characteristics was observed in the dry weight of the aerial parts compared to control plants. Among the measured enzymes, the highest increase was observed in catalase enzyme at 100µg/mL concentration of resveratrol 48 h after plant infection. Considering the rapid role of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase in scavenging free radicals, such results are expected. Similar studies with spermidine compounds had shown an increase in enzyme activity level, but the amount of each enzyme activity varied according to the variety and time perion after inoculation. Under tested conditions and considering the type of inducer agent, these results are expected. However, in compared to spermidine compounds, resveratrol seems to have a lower effect on inducing resistance.
Although the expression levels of Npr1 and Pds genes in both infected varieties treated with resveratrol were elevated compared to the control plant while Npr1 gene expression was higher than other genes. The high expression level of all the tested genes in the captain cultivar compared to the termeh cultivar, indicates that the captain cultivar was more affected by resveratrol than termeh cultivar to resistance againts the disease.
Conclusion
Biocontrol strategies, in biotic and abiotic conditions, can be effective against different pathogens by preparing cultural conditions. Several factors influence their effectiveness, including the introduction of biological agents on a commercial scale, such as cost, efficacy, and reliability. Cultural practices such as good sanitation, soil condition, nutrition, and host resistance significantly contribute to controlling many plant diseases. Therefore, for increase of effeciencyof bio-control agents on plant disease, agronomic practices must be sufficient. The results of this research showed that resveratrol can be used as a resistance inducer in disease stress. However, in comparison to other resistance inducers such as salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, Resveratrol is less efficient in plant pathology.
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