1استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
2استاد بازنشستۀ گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
3استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد
چکیده
شتۀ نارون با تغذیه و ترشح مقادیر زیادی عسلک به درختان نارون و به‌ویژه به فضای سبز شهری خسارت می‌زند. برای مطالعۀ ویژگی‌های زیستی و تغییرات فصلی جمعیت این آفت در شهرکرد در دو سال متوالی و به‌صورت هفتگی از درختان آلوده در دو محل نمونه‌برداری شد. برای تعیین فراسنجه‌های مهم جدول زندگی باروری شتۀTinocallis nevskyi Remaudiere, Quednau and Heie در شرایط صحرایی، از قفس برگی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد شته زمستان را به‌صورت تخم روی سرشاخۀ درختان بسر می‌برد. اولین پوره‌ها در دهۀ دوم فروردین و اولین ماده‌های بال‌دار در دهۀ اول اردیبهشت روی درختان مشاهده شدند. جمعیت شته‌های زنده‌زا در ماه‌های اردیبهشت و خرداد سریعاً افزایش یافت و در تابستان روند نزولی را طی کرد. از اواسط پاییز ماده‌های جنسی بی‌بال و نرهای بال‌دار ظاهر شدند. نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت (rm)، نرخ متناهی افزایش جمعیت (ʎ)، نرخ خالص تولید مثل (R0) و متوسط مدت زمان یک نسل (T) به‌ترتیب 02/0±15/0 در روز، 04/0±17/1 در روز، 54/1±89/14 پوره و 30/0±54/17 روز به‌دست آمد.
1Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
2Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
3Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده [English]
Elm aphids damage elm trees through feeding and producing considerable amounts of honeydew especially on trees of recreational areas. Biological characteristics and seasonal fluctuations of the aphid were studied in two sites by weekly sampling from infested trees during 2002-2003. To determine important life table parameters of the aphid, Tinocallis nevskyi Remaudiere, Quednau and Heie, in natural conditions leaf cages were used. The results indicated that the aphid overwinter as egg on the branches of trees. First nymphs and alatae were observed in early and late April, respectively. The population of viviparae was increased rapidly in late April and May and went down in summer. Wingless oviparae and alate males appeared in mid fall. Oviposition occurred in early November to early December. Intrinsic rate of increase (rm), Finite Capacity for Increase (ʎ), net reproductive rate (R0) and mean generation time of the aphid were 0.15±0.02 day-1, 1.17±0.04 day-1, 14.89 ±1.54 nymphs and 17.54±0.30 days, respectively.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Fertility Life table, Elm tree, intrinsic rate of increase, Elm aphid
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