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واکنش گیاهچه‌ای و گیاه کامل تعدادی از لاین‌های امیدبخش گندم نسبت به بیماری زنگ زرد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل

2 دانشیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات غلات، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیۀ نهال و بذر

چکیده

زنگ زرد گندم با عاملPuccinia striiformis f. sp. triticiبیماری مهمی است که تولید گندم در سراسر جهان را تهدید می‌کند. مقاومت میزبانی، اقتصادی‌ترین روش مدیریت زنگ زرد است. برای این منظور 18 لاین امیدبخش گندم مربوط به اقلیم معتدل همراه با شاهد حساس برای بررسی مقاومت مرحلۀ گیاهچه‌ای و گیاه کامل نسبت به زنگ زرد ارزیابی شد. واکنش گیاهچه‌ای در شرایط گلخانه‌ای با استفاده از نژاد 6E150A+,Yr27ارزیابی شد. واکنش گیاه کامل نیز با اندازه‌گیری شدت نهایی بیماری (FRS) و ضریب آلودگی (CI) تحت شرایط آلودگی طبیعی با دوبار آلودگی مصنوعی ارزیابی گردید. آلودگی مصنوعی با مایه‌زنی اینوکلوم زنگ زرد که دارای ویرولانس بر روی ژن‌هایYr2، Yr6،Yr7،Yr9، Yr22، Yr23، Yr24، Yr25،Yr26، Yr27،  YrAو YrSU بود، انجام گرفت. آزمایش مزرعه‌ای بر پایۀ طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی اردبیل طی سال زراعی 91-1390 انجام گرفت. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که لاین‌های  M-90-15و M-90-18 همراه با شاهد حساس بیشترین مقدار FRS و CI را داشتند. لاین‌های M-90-2،M-90-4 ،M-90-5 ،M-90-7 ، M-90-8، M-90-13 وM-90-17  در مرحلۀ گیاهچه‌ای حساس و در مرحلۀ گیاه کامل مقادیر پایین FRS و CI را نشان دادند. بنابراین، این لاین‌ها بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق و اطلاعات شجره‌ای آنها درجات متفاوتی از مقاومت پایدار دارند. بقیۀ لاین‌ها که در مرحلۀ گیاه کامل و گیاهچه‌ای مقادیر پایین آلودگی را نشان دادند، به عنوان لاین‌های نیمه‌مقاوم یا مقاوم انتخاب شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Seedling and adult plant reaction of some promising wheat lines to yellow rust

نویسندگان [English]

  • Safarali Safavi 1
  • Farzad Afshari 2
1 Assitant Prof. of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Ardabil
2 Associate Prof. of Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute
چکیده [English]

Yellow (stripe) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is an important disease that threatens wheat production worldwide. Host resistance is the most economical strategy to manage wheat stripe rust. For this purpose, 18 promising wheat lines of moderate zone were evaluated against yellow rust in Ardabil in order to determine their resistance level. The seedling reaction was evaluated in greenhouse by using race 6E150A+, Yr27. Adult plant resistance was also evaluated by measuring of final rust severity (FRS) and coefficient of infection (CI) under field infection conditions with two times artificial inoculations. Artificial inoculation was carried out using yellow rust race population virulent resistance genes including Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, Yr22, Yr23, Yr24, Yr25, Yr26, Yr27, YrA, and YrSU. Field evaluation was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2011-2012 cropping season at Ardabil Agricultural Research Station (Iran). Results showed that lines M-90-13, M-90-15, M-90-18 along with susceptible check (Bolani) had the highest values of FRS and CI. The lines M-90-2, M-90-4, M-90-5, M-90-7, M-90-8, M-90-13 and M-90-17 were susceptible at the seedling stage and had low level infection at the adult plant stage. Consequently, these lines had different levels of durable resistance based on the results of this investigation and their pedigree information. The remaining lines that had low level of infection at the seedling and adult plant stages were selected as moderately resistant or resistant lines.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • yellow rust
  • seedling resistance
  • Adult plant resistance
  • Durable resistance

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دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران
دوره 45، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
پاییز و زمستان
پاییز و زمستان 1393
صفحه 241-250

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 مرداد 1392
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 مرداد 1393
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 مهر 1393

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