1کارشناس ارشد، گروه حشره‌شناسی کشاورزی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران
2دانشیار، گروه حشره‌شناسی کشاورزی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران
تاریخ دریافت: 28 مهر 1392،
تاریخ بازنگری: 30 مهر 1393،
تاریخ پذیرش: 11 آذر 1393
چکیده
امروزه بررسی‌‌ها برای استفاده از عصاره‌‌های گیاهی مانند اکدیستروئیدهای گیاهی، به دلیل توانایی بالا در کنترل آفات در حال افزایش است. گزارش‌‌هایی از وجود ترکیبات اکدیستروئیدی در برخی گونه‌‌های سرخس وجود دارد، اما تاکنون گزارشی از اثر چنین ترکیباتی در سرخس شترمرغی در دست نیست. در این پژوهش، اثر غلظت‌‌های زیرکشندۀ عصارۀ متانولی گیاه سرخس شترمرغی Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) (Onocleaceae) روی شب‌پرۀ پشت‌الماسی Plutella xylostella (L.)(Lepidoptera:Plutellidae) بررسی شد. لارو‌های سن سوم شب‌پرۀ پشت‌الماسی به مدت دو روز از غذای تیمارشده با عصارۀ متانولی تغذیه کردند. سپس روی برگ‌‌های تیمارنشده پرورش داده شدند تا حشرات کامل خارج شدند. از تخم‌های حاصل از جفت‌گیری حشرات کامل برای انجام آزمایش‌‌های دموگرافی استفاده شد. آزمایش‌‌ها در شرایط دمایی 1 ± 27 درجۀ سلسیوس و رطوبت 5 ± 65 درصد و شرایط نوری 8:16 (روشنایی و تاریکی) بررسی شد. لارو‌های خارج‌شده از تخم در نسل جدید روی برگ‌‌های تیمارنشده پرورش یافتند. نتایج نشان داد که نرخ خالص تولید مثل (R0)، نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت (rm)، نرخ متناهی افزایش جمعیت (λ) با افزایش عصاره کاهش یافت. بیشترین نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت و نرخ متناهی جمعیت به‌ترتیب 002/0 ±19/0 (روز) و 06/0 ± 21/1 (روز) در غلظت 69/0درصد بود. پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت عصاره، مدت زمان یک نسل (T) و مدت زمان دو برابر شدن جمعیت (DT) افزایش یافته است. با توجه به نتایج فوق، عصارۀ متانولی سرخس شترمرغی به عنوان یک ترکیب کم‌خطر توانایی زیادی در کنترل شب‌پرۀ پشت‌الماسی دارد و می‌توان از عصارۀ متانولی سرخس شترمرغی به عنوان ترکیب مؤثر در برنامه‌‌های مدیریت تلفیقی آفات استفاده کرد.
The effects of ecdysteroidal extracts of Matteuccia struthiopteris on demographic parameters of Plutella xylostella
نویسندگان [English]
Fatemeh Tabebordbar1؛ Saeid Moharramipour2
1M.Sc. Student, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2Associate Professor, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Plant extracts, like phytoecdysteroids, are currently studied because of the possibility of their use in plant protection. There are several reports concerning the presence of ecdysteroid. But there is no report on possibility of ecdysteroidal compounds in Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.)(Onocleaceae). In this research, the effect of lethal and sublethal concentration of methanolic extract of M. struthiopteris was examined on Plutellaxylostella (L.). Ecdysteroidal extracts of leaves from this plant were incorporated into food given to third instar larvae for two days. Then the larvae were reared on untreated leaves. Experiment was carried out at 27±1ºC¸ 65±5% RH and 16:8 (L:D) h. Compared to control, methanolic extracts fed at larval stage led to significant decrease in the percentage of pupation and adult emergence. The eggs from the emerging adults were picked up for demographic experiments. The rearing of the newly hatched larvae was continued individually on untreated leaves. Data analysis demonstrated that significant decrease in net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ). The highest values for rm and λ were 0.19±0.002 day-1 and 1.21±0.06 days, at 0.69%, respectively. The present study demonstrated that mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) was increased significantly as concentration of the extract increased. These findings indicated that M. struthiopteris are effective for the control of P. xylostella. Therefore, this extract has potential to use as a reliable method in integrated management of this pest.
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