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تأثیر لکتین استخراج‌شده از قارچ Sclerotinia sclerotiorum بر مرگ‌ومیر و پارامترهای فیزیولوژیک لاروهای پروانۀ سفیده بزرگ کلم، Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

2 استادیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

3 دانشیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

4 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

5 کارشناس آزمایشگاه، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

چکیده

در این پژوهش، لکتین استخراج‌شده از قارچ بیمارگر گیاهی Sclerotinia sclerotiorum، به رژیم غذایی لاروهای سن سوم پروانۀ سفیده بزرگ اضافه گردید و پس از 5 روز تأثیر آن بر مرگ‌ومیر، تغذیه و متابولیسم حد واسط آنها بررسی شد. غلظت‌های 5/0، 1 و 2 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر لکتین مذکور به مرگ‌ومیر 20 تا 66 درصدی در لاروهای تیمارشده منجر شد. شاخص‌های تغذیۀ لاروهای تیمارشده نسبت به شاهد کاهش معناداری نشان دادند. میزان هزینۀ متابولیک نیز در لاروهای تیمارشده با لکتین نسبت به شاهد افزایش معناداری را نشان داد. فعالیت آنزیم‌های گوارشی همچون آلفا- آمیلاز، گلوکوزیدازها، لیپاز، پروتئازهای عمومی و اختصاصی (سرین و اگزوپپتیداز) لاروهای تغذیه‌شده با غلظت‌های مختلف لکتین نیز کاهش معناداری نسبت به شاهد نشان داد. اگرچه فعالیت آسپارتات آمینو ترانسفراز و گاما- گلوتامیل ترانسفراز در لاروهای تغذیه‌شده روی غلظت‌های 1 و 2 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر لکتین افزایش معناداری را نشان داد، فعالیت آلانین آمینوترانسفراز کاهش معناداری نسبت به شاهد داشت. فعالیت اسید فسفاتاز تفاوت معناداری را بین لاروهای شاهد و تیمار نداشت، اما فعالیت آلکالین فسفاتاز کاهش معناداری را نشان داد. فعالیت لاکتات دهیدروژناز در لاروهای تغذیه‌شده روی غلظت 2 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر لکتین افزایش معناداری داشت، اما فعالیت آلدولاز در لاروهای شاهد و تغذیه‌شده از غلظت 5/0 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر لکتین بیشتر از دیگر تیمار‌ها بود. میزان درشت مولکول‌های ذخیره‌ای، پروتئین، تری‌گلیسرید و گلیکوژن در لاروهای تغذیه‌شده با لکتین کمتر از شاهد بود. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان می‌دهد که لکتین قارچ Sclerotinia sclerotiorum به مرگ‌ومیر و اختلال در فیزیولوژی گوارش و متابولیسم حد واسط لاروهای سفیدۀ بزرگ کلم منجر می‌شود و می‌تواند به عنوان یک مولکول سمی در کنترل این آفت به‌کار رود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of an extracted lectin from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum de Bary on mortality and physiological parameters in the larvae of large cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeynab Alborzi 1
  • Arash Zibaee 2
  • Jalal Jalali Sendi 3
  • Azadeh Karimi Malati 3
  • Babak Rabiee 4
  • Mehdi Salimi 5
1 M. Sc. Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
5 Library Expert
چکیده [English]

In the current study, the extracted lectin from plant pathogenic fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was added to diet of third larval instars of Large cabbage butterfly, then its effects were determined on mortality, feeding and intermediary metabolism. Concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml of the lectin caused 20-60% of mortality in the treated larvae. Amounts of nutritional indices in the treated larvae significantly decreased versus control although level of Metabolic cost in the treated larvae showed statistical increase versus control. Activities of the digestive enzymes such as alpha-amylase, glucosidases, lipase, general and specific proteases (Serine and Exopeptidases) decreased in the fed larvae on lectin concentrations versus control. Although activities of aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase significantly increased in the concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/ml but activity of alanine aminotransferase had a significant decrease versus control. Activity of acid phosphatase had no statistical differences among treatments and control but activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly lower than control larvae. Activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the fed larvae on the concentration of 2 mg/ml had significant increase but activities of aldolase in the control and fed larvae on 0.5 mg/ml of lectin were higher than those of other treatments. Amounts of storage macromolecules such as protein, triglyceride and glycogen in the fed larvae on the lectin were lower than those of control so that it was more significant in the concentration of 2 mg/ml. Results of the current study demonstrated that the lectin from S. clerotiorumcaused mortality and interference in digestive physiology and intermediary metabolism of P. Brassicae larvae so it could be used as a toxic molecule to control of the pest.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lectin
  • Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
  • Pieris brassicae
  • Digestive physiology
  • Intermediary metabolism

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دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران
دوره 46، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 1
بهار و تابستان 1394
صفحه 41-57

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 آبان 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 08 اسفند 1393
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 26 خرداد 1394

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