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تأثیر انفرادی و ترکیبی پنج قارچ بیماری‌زای نماتد (nematophagous fungi) روی Meloidogyne javanica در گیاه بادنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت

2 دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد، گروه بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز

3 استادیار، گروه بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز

چکیده

توانایی قارچ‌های Pochonia bulbillosa (Pb)، Pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata (Pccat)، Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia (Pcc)، Lecanicillium aphanocladii (La) و Trichoderma harzianum (Th) در آلوده کردن تودۀ تخم‌ نماتد Meloidogyne javanica در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بررسی شد. در گلخانه نیز تأثیر انفرادی، دوتایی و سه‌تایی این قارچ‌ها در کنترل زیستی نماتد M. javanica روی گیاه بادنجان مطالعه گردید. توانایی قارچ‌ها در آلوده کردن تخم و کاهش درصد تفریخ لاروهای سن دوم نماتد در آزمایشگاه به یکدیگر شبیه بود. پس از 8 هفته تفاوت شایان توجهی میان کاربرد انفرادی یا تلفیقی قارچ‌ها روی وزن تر اندام هوایی و ریشۀ گیاه بادنجان دیده نشد. تعداد تخم‌های تشکیل‌شده (مجموع تخم‌های سالم و آلوده) روی سیستم ریشه‌ای نیز نسبت به شاهد کاهش قابل ملاحظه‌ای نیافت، اما تلفیق قارچ‌ها باعث افزایش درصد آلودگی تخم‌های نماتد شد. هیچ‌کدام از تیمارها نتوانستند نماتد را در حد نماتدکش کادوزافوس کنترل کنند (96%) اما ترکیب قارچ‌های Pccat و La با Pcc (85%) یا Th (83%) توانست نماتد را در حد مطلوبی کنترل کند. بنابراین ترکیب قارچ‌های Pccat، La و Pcc یا Pccat، La و Th را می‌توان به عنوان تیمارهای قابل توصیه معرفی کرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The ability of separate and combined application of five nematophagous fungi against Meloidogyne javanica on eggplant

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Reza Moosavi 1
  • Sheida Shakeri 2
  • Sedighe Mohammadi 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Marvdasht branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
2 Former M.Sc. Student, Plant Pathology Department, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The infectivity of Pochonia bulbillosa (Pb), Pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata (Pccat), Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia (Pcc), Lecanicillium aphanocladii (La) and Trichoderma harzianum (Th) on Meloidogyne javanica egg masses was assessed in an in vitro experiment. These fungi were also used alone and in binary or trinary combination for the management of M. javanica on eggplant. There was no significant difference among fungi in their infection rate or in reducing hatch of nematode eggs. After 8 weeks, the plant growth parameter (shoot and root weight) was similar in the treatments where the fungal biocontrol agents were applied separately or simultaneously. The total number of eggs (healthy and infected) on root system was not considerably decreased compared with control. Integrated application of fungi increased the infection rate significantly. No treatment could control the nematode as the same level as cadusafos nematicide (96%), however the combined use of Pccat, La with Pcc (85%) or Th (83%) controlled the nematode satisfactorily. Therefore, simultaneous application of Pccat, La and Pcc or Pccat, La and Th are recommendable as a measure for controlling M. javanica. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Combination
  • nematopathogenic fungi
  • biological control

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دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران
دوره 46، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 1
بهار و تابستان
فروردین 1394
صفحه 179-190

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 فروردین 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 08 خرداد 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 24 مرداد 1394

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