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بررسی تنوع توده‌‌های خربزه و طالبی (Cucumis melo L.) برای مقاومت به پژمردگی فوزاریومی بر مبنای فعالیت آنزیم‌های بیوشیمیایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد اصلاح نباتات دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 دانشیار اصلاح نباتات دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 استاد پژوهش مؤسسة تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیۀ نهال و بذر

چکیده

بیماری پژمردگی فوزاریومی، نوعی بیماری محدودکنندۀ کشت خربزه‌ییان در جهان و همچنین در ایران است. یکی از روش‌های کنترل این بیماری استفاده از ارقام مقاوم خربزه و طالبی است. در این تحقیق، 57 تودۀ‌ خربزه و طالبی در شرایط گلخانه برای تعیین وضعیت مقاومت در مقابل بیماری پژمردگی آوندی فوزاریومی و روند تغییرات در فعالیت بیوشیمیایی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار ارزیابی شد. در این مطالعه، ریشه‌های زخمی‌شدۀ گیاهچه‌های یک تا دوبرگی 15‌روزه در 50 میلی‌لیتر سوسپانسیون حاوی اسپور Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis با غلظت 106 × 1 در میلی‌لیتر به مدت سه تا چهار دقیقه قرار گرفتند و مایه‌زنی شدند و سپس به سینی‌های کشت منتقل گردیدند. سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری و شدت بیماری به همراه پنج صفت فیزیولوژیک اندازه‌‌‌‌‌‌گیری شد. نتایج تجزیۀ واریانس نشان داد بین توده‌‌ها برای همۀ صفات تحت مطالعه اختلاف معناداری وجود داشت. مقادیر ضریب همبستگی بین صفات مختلف نشان داد که سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری و شدت بیماری با میزان پراکسیداز، پلی‌فنل اکسیداز، فنل کل، کاتالاز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز همبستگی منفی و معناداری داشت. برای تعیین دوری و نزدیکی توده‌‌ها و همچنین خوشه‌بندی آنها بر مبنای صفات تحت مطالعه، از تجزیۀ خوشه‌ای با روش Ward استفاده شد و با استفاده از معیار مربع فاصلۀ اقلیدوسی توده‌‌ها در سه خوشۀ مجزا شامل مقاوم، نیمه‌مقاوم و حساس خوشه‌بندی شدند. در این آزمایش دورترین فاصله (67/28) میان توده‌های ایزابل و شادگانی 2 به‌دست آمد و به‌ترتیب مقاوم‌ترین و حساس‌ترین توده‌ها به بیماری شناخته شدند. به نظر می‌رسد که با توجه به فاصلۀ بین آنها، با انجام تلاقی و بهره‌گیری از پدیدۀ هتروزیس، می‌توان به نتایجی دست یافت که دارای مقاومت بیشتری نسبت به توده‌های تحت بررسی باشد.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of diversity among some melon (Cucumis melo) accessions for resistance to fusarium wilt based on biochemical enzymes activity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehrdad Hanifeie 1
  • Hamid Dehghani 2
  • Rajab Chookan 3
1 . Former M.Sc. Student , Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 . Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute
چکیده [English]

Fusarium wilt is a restrictive disease of melons in the world and Iran. In this research, fifty seven accessions of Cucumis melo, planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The relationship between resistance and changes in biochemical activity were evaluated for these accessions. The wounded root of seedlings after reaching at one to two true leaf stage were placed in inoculum concentrations of 1×106 spores ml-1 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis for 3-4 min and then they were transferred to cultivation trays. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), disease severity and five physiological traits were measured. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. The correlation coefficient between different traits showed that the AUDPC and disease severity have a negative correlation with Peroxidase, Polyphenol oxidase, Phenol Compound, Superoxide dismutase and Catalase. The grouping results of genotypes based on squared Euclidean distance measurement and Ward method were clustered these accessions in three groups; resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible. In this study the farthest distance (28.67) was observed between Isabelle and Shadegani2. These accessions recognized as the most resistant and susceptible genotypes, respectively. It seems that due to the distance between them, with make crossing and use of heterosis, we may achieve to progeny that are more resistant in comparing to the evaluated genotypes of this study.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cluster Analysis
  • Correlation
  • Fusarium wilt
  • melon

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دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران
دوره 46، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
پاییز و زمستان
مهر 1394
صفحه 191-205

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 مرداد 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 23 شهریور 1394

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