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دموگرافی شب‌پرة پوست‌خوار میوۀ پسته Arimania komaroffi (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) روی سه رقم پسته در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حشره‌شناسی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل

2 دانشیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل

3 دانشیارگروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل

4 استادیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل

چکیده

پسته یکی از مهم‌ترین محصولات باغی کشور است. در سال‌های اخیر، شب‌پرۀ پوست‌خوار میوۀ پسته، Arimania komaroffi به‌صورت یکی از آفات مهم و خسارت‌زای این محصول درآمده است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، مطالعۀ پارامترهای رشد، و جدول زندگی و تولیدمثلی این آفت روی سه رقم بسیار معمول و با بیشترین سطح زیرکشت، شامل اوحدی، کله‌قوچی و احمدآقایی بود. برای این منظور، آزمایش دموگرافی این آفت در شرایط 1± 5/27 درجۀ سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5± 65 درصد و دورۀ نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی در اتاقک رشد انجام گرفت. بر اساس نتایج، بیشترین طول دورۀ مرحلۀ نابالغ این آفت روی رقم احمدآقایی و معادل 37/50 روز بود. نرخ ناخالص زادآوری روی سه رقم اوحدی، کله‌قوچی و احمدآقایی به‌ترتیب 65/50، 99/44 و 14/27 تخم به ازای هر حشرۀ ماده بود. نرخ خالص زادآوری روی رقم اوحدی از نظر آماری با رقم احمدآقایی اختلاف معناداری نشان داد. کمترین تعداد تخم گذاشته‌شده به ازای هر ماده در هر روز با تغذیه از رقم احمدآقایی به‌دست آمد و با رقم اوحدی اختلاف معناداری داشت. نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت (rm)، نرخ ذاتی تولد (b) و نرخ متناهی افزایش جمعیت (λ) این آفت با تغذیه از رقم احمدآقایی کمترین مقدار بود و با مقادیر این پارامترها روی رقم اوحدی اختلاف معناداری نشان داد. همچنین طولانی‌ترین متوسط مدت زمان یک نسل روی رقم احمدآقایی مشاهده شد. بنابراین رقم احمدآقایی نسبت به دو رقم دیگر، حساسیت کمتری به آفت دارد.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Demography of pistachio fruit hull borer moth, Arimania komaroffi (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on three pistachio cultivars under laboratory condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Basirat 1
  • Ali Golizadeh 2
  • Seyed Ali Asghar Fathi 3
  • Mehdi Hassanpour 4
1 Ph. D. Student in Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Associate Professors Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 Associate Professor Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is one of the most important horticultural crops in Iran. The pistachio fruit hull borer moth, Arimania komaroffi Ragonot (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) has been emerged as a major pest of pistachio in Iran. The purpose of this research was the study of reproduction and population growth parameters of this pest on three common pistachio cultivars with the highest acreage includes Ohadi, Kaleghochi and Ahmadaghaii. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions, at temperature 27.5 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% RH, and 16:8 L:D photoperiod. The results showed that the highest rate of developmental time was 50.37 day on Ahmadaghaii cultivar. The gross fecundity rates on Ohadi, Kaleghochi and Ahmadaghaii cultivars were calculated as 50.65, 44.99 and 27.14 eggs per female, respectively. The net fertility rate was significantly differed between Ohadi and Ahmadaghaii cultivars. The lowest mean daily number of eggs per female was observed on Ahmadaghaii cultivar that was significantly differed with its value on Ohadi cultivar. Intrinsic rates of increase (rm), intrinsic rates of birth (b) and finite rates of increase (λ) of this pest were the lowest on Ahmadaghaii cultivar and the values of these parameters were significantly different with Ohadi cultivar. Moreover, the highest mean generation time (T) was observed on Ahmadaghaii cultivar. As a result, Ahmadaghaii was the less suitable host and had most negative impact on life-history statistics of A. komaroffi in compare with the other two tested cultivars.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • pistachio cultivars
  • Arimania komaroffi
  • Fecundity
  • life table

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دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران
دوره 46، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
پاییز و زمستان
مهر 1394
صفحه 249-258

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 تیر 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 13 دی 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 23 دی 1394

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