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تأثیر رقم‌های مختلف گوجه‌فرنگی بر تنوع گونه‌ای و فعالیت دشمنان طبیعی Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). در شرایط مزرعه‌ای استان اردبیل، ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

مینوز برگ گوجه­فرنگی، Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)، یکی از آفات مهم گوجه‌فرنگی، Solanum lycopersicum L.، در ایران است. در این تحقیق تنوع گونه­ای دشمنان طبیعی مینوز برگ گوجه‌فرنگی و نسبت تراکم شکارگرها یا انگلواره (پارازیتویید)ها به تراکم تخم­ها یا لاروهای T. absoluta روی پنج رقم گوجه­فرنگی به نام­های Super Strain B، Super Chief، Mobil، Korral و Early Urbana Y در یک مزرعۀ آزمایشی در دو سال 1393 و 1394 بررسی شد. در این تحقیق، ده گونه شکارگر، چهار گونه زنبور انگلوارة لارو و یک گونه زنبور انگلوارة تخم گرد­آوری و شناسایی شدند. در بین دشمنان طبیعی، سن­های شکارگر Miridae و زنبورهای انگلوارة لارو Braconidae بیشترین درصد فراوانی نسبی را داشتند. شاخص تنوع شانون برای گونه­های دشمنان طبیعی بین پنج رقم گوجه­فرنگی اختلاف معنی‌داری را نشان نداد. میزان شاخص همانندی موریسیتا-هورن برای ترکیب گونه­ای دشمنان طبیعی بین پنج رقم­ گوجه­فرنگی در محدودۀ 932/0 تا 994/0 به دست آمد. در هر دو سال، بیشترین نسبت تراکم شکارگرها به تراکم تخم­ها و لاروهای مینوز (09/5 درصد در سال 1393 و 44/6 درصد در سال 1394)، بیشترین نسبت تراکم انگلواره‌های لاروی به تراکم لاروهای مینوز (92/3 درصد در سال 1393 و 75/3 درصد در سال 1394) و بیشترین نسبت تراکم انگلوارة تخم­ به تراکم تخم­های مینوز (67/1 درصد در هر دو سال) روی رقم Early Urbana Y ثبت شد. بنابراین می­توان نتیجه­گیری کرد که کشت رقم Early Urbana Y با افزایش نسبت تراکم شکارگرها یا انگلواره‌ها به تراکم تخم­ها و لاروهای T. absoluta می­تواند در برنامه­های مدیریت تلفیقی مینوز برگ گوجه­فرنگی در کشتزارهای گوجه‌فرنگی سودمند باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different cultivars of tomato on species diversity and efficacy of natural enemies of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under field condition in Ardabil province, Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • Seyed Ali Asghar Fathi
Department of Plant Protection, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is one of the most important pests of tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., in Iran. In this research, natural enemies diversity of T. absoluta and proportion of predators or parasitoids density to moth eggs or larvae density on five tomato cultivars including Super Strain B, Super Chief, Mobil, Korral, and Early Urbana Y were studied in an experimental field during 2014 and 2015. In this study, ten predator species, four larval parasitoid species and one egg parasitoid species were collected and identified. Amongst the natural enemies, the predatory bugs Miridae and larval parasitoids Braconidae had the highest relative abundance. The Shannon diversity index for the complex of natural enemies was not significant among the five tested cultivars. The values of Morisita–Horn index for the complex of natural enemies among the five cultivars were calculated from 0.932 to 0.994. In two years, the greatest proportion of predarors density to moth eggs and larvae density (5.09% in 2014 and 6.44% in 2015), the highest proportion of larval parasitoids density to moth larvae density (3.92% in 2014 and 3.75% in 2015), and the greatest egg parasitoid density to moth eggs density (1.67% in both studied years) were recorded on Early Urbana Y. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cultivation of Early Urbana Y with increasing of the proportion of predators or parasitoids density to T. absoluta eggs and larvae density could be useful in the integrated management programs of the tomato leafminer in tomato fields.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • host plants
  • natural enemies
  • Parasitism
  • predator
  • relative abundance

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 دی 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 اردیبهشت 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 اردیبهشت 1395

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