گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران
چکیده
نماتدهای انگل گیاهی درون ریشه و خاک اطراف ریشه بسیاری از گیاهان در جمعیتهای مختلف یافت شدهاند. با توجه به ارزش زیستی فضای سبز شهری و اهمیت نماتدهای انگل گیاهی در کاهش رشد گیاهان در فضای سبز، موضوع شناسایی و تعیین فراوانی و پراکندگی این نماتدها در فضای سبز شهر تهران مورد توجه قرار گرفت. به‌منظور شناسایی نماتدهای انگل گیاهی، نمونهبرداری از ریزوسفر چمن و انواع گیاهان زینتی موجود در شماری از بوستانهای سطح شهر تهران به شمار 150 نمونه در شهریور و مهر ماه سال 1392 انجام شد. پس از انتقال نمونهها به آزمایشگاه، شستشوی خاک، جداسازی نماتدها، تثبیت و انتقال آن‌ها به گلیسیرین و تهیۀ اسلاید میکروسکوپی انجام گرفت. مشخصات ریختشناسی و ریختسنجی نماتدها با استفاده از میکروسکوپ نوری مجهز به لولۀ ترسیم بررسی شد. شناسایی گونهها با استفاده از منابع علمی انجام‌شده و 28 گونه نماتد از 19 جنس تشخیص داده شد. در این میان جنسهای Filenchus، Criconemoides، Helicotylenchus، Pratylenchus و Criconema بیشترین تنوع گونهای را داشتند. در بین گونههای بررسی‌شده بیشترین درصد فراوانی به ترتیب در Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus، Filenchus afghanicus وAphelenchus avenae به میزان 3/57، 7/50 و 3/49 مشاهده شد.
Identification and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes in landscape of Tehran City, Iran
نویسندگان [English]
Ayatollah Saeedizadeh
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Plant parasitic nematodes with various populations have found in the soil around the roots of plants. Due to the biologic value of landscape and the importance of plant parasitic nematodes in the reduction of the growth of landscape plants; the study of identification, abundance and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes in landscape of Tehran city, Iran was in interest. In order to dentification of plant parasitic nematodes, 150 samples of rhizosphere of lawn and a variety of ornamental plants were collected in September and October 2013 from different landscapes in Tehran city. Soil samples were washed and nematodes were extracted, fixed, transferred to glycerin and slides were prepared. Morphological and morphometrical characters of the nematodes were evaluated microscopically according to references. As a result were identified 28 nematode species belonging to 19 genera. The genera Filenchus, Criconemoides, Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus and Criconema had the greatest diversity of species in the examined materials. Among surveyed species, the most abundant were Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Filenchus afghanicus and Aphelenchusavenae by 57.3, 50.7 and 49.3 percent, respectively.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
landscape, nematode, Tehran
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