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تأثیر ناهمسازی برخی سویه‌های باکتری Pseudomonas fluorescens بر القای پاسخ دفاعی گیاه پسته علیه پوسیدگی فیتوفترایی طوقه و ریشه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر(عج)، رفسنجان، ایران

2 پژوهشکدۀ پسته، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رفسنجان، ایران

چکیده

تأثیر ناهمسازی (آنتاگونیستی) سی سویۀ باکتری Pseudomonas fluorescens جداسازی‌شده از خاک‌های مناطق مختلف روی Phytophthora drechsleri عامل انگومک (گموز) پسته در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه‌ای بررسی شد. در آزمایشگاه، برای ارزیابی توان بیوکنترلی سویه‌ها از آزمون کشت متقابل و متابولیت‌های فرار استفاده شد. در آزمون کشت متقابل سویۀ T17-4 با 904/61 درصد و در آزمون متابولیت‌های فرار سویۀ VUPF760 با 87/57 سبب بیشترین میزان کاهش رشد در بیمارگر شدند. در گلخانه، سویه‌های VUPF760 و VUPF506 به­ترتیب با 75/68 و 66/16 درصد بیشترین و کمترین تأثیر را در کاهش شدت بیماریزایی داشتند. در قسمت دوم آزمایش توانایی سویه‌های منتخب آزمایشگاهی به‌عنوان فعال‌کنندۀ سازوکار دفاعی گیاه پسته علیه بیماری فیتوفتورایی بررسی شد. میزان تغییرپذیری برخی ترکیب‌های دفاعی گیاهی از جمله آنزیم پراکسیداز، پلی‌فنل اکسیداز، فنیل آلانین آمونیالیاز و همچنین میزان فنل کل در روزهای 3، 6، 12 و 24 پس از مایه‌زنی اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که سویه‌های باکتری فعالیت آنزیم‌های بالا و همچنین ترکیب‌های فنلی را در نهال‌های آلودۀ تیمارشده با عامل ناهمساز (آنتاگونیست) افزایش داد که این افزایش در روز ششم پس از مایه‌زنی، به بیشترین میزان خود رسید. سویه‌های باکتری توانایی متفاوتی در روند افزایشی آنزیم پراکسیداز، پلی‌فنل اکسیداز، فنیل آلانین آمونیالیاز و همچنین میزان فنل کل داشته به‌طوری‌که سویۀ VUPF760 بیشترین و سویۀ VUPF506 کمترین تأثیر را نشان دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Induction of plant defense response against Phytophthora crown and root rot in pistachio by Pseudomonas fluorescens strains

نویسندگان [English]

  • Badrosadat Mahmudi mimand 1
  • Roholah Saberi-Riseh 1
  • Mohamad Moradi 2
  • Hossein Alaei 1
  • Amir hossein Mohamadi 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr, University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
2 Pistachio Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rafsanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Activities of thirty bacterial strains obtained from plants rhizosphere in different areas against Phytophthora drechsleri were assessed through in vitro and greenhouse experiments. Dual culture and extracellular metabolites tests were used in in vitro assays. The bacterial strains inhibited growth of P. drechsleri, the highest inhibition zones was belonged to T17-4 strain with 61.904% in dual culture and VUPF760 strain with 57.87% in cell free metabolites tests. The highest and lowest reduction rates of disease severity were belonged to VUPF760 and VUPF506 with 68.75 and 16.66%, respectively. In the second section of the study, the ability of bacterial strains to induce peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and phenolic compounds in pistachio seedling was investigated 3, 6, 12 and 24 days after inoculation. Bacterial strains increased enzyme activities that reached the maximum levels 6 days after inoculation with pathogen. The highest level of phenolic compounds was observed at 6 days after pathogen inoculation in treatments of bacterial strains and Ph. drechsleri compared with control. Induction of resistance in plants even 24 days after post-treatment with bacterial strains was effective for induction of more durable resistance compared to other activators of plant defense system. The ability of bacterial strains to increase enzymes activities and levels of phenolic compounds may be some of the mechanisms responsible for their biocontrol activities. VUPF760 strain showed the highest increase enzymes activities and levels of phenolic compounds.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant activity
  • biological control
  • Gummosis
  • induce resistance

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 مهر 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 خرداد 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 تیر 1395

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