نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، ساری
چکیده
با هدف پایش سرخرطومی‌های ساقه‌خوار کلزا Ceutorhynchus spp. به‌منظور تعیین بهترین زمان مبارزه و تأثیر چند حشره‌کش روی آن‌ها، این پژوهش در سال زراعی 91-1390 در ساری اجرا شد. برای پایش آفت از تله‌های آبی زردرنگ استفاده شد. تأثیر حشره‌کش‌های کلرپیریفوس EC40.8%، ایمیداکلوپرید SC35%، دیازینونEC60% و فنیتروتیون EC50% به ترتیب به میزان 2، 1، 5/1 و 1 لیتر در هکتار، به انضمام تیمار شاهد در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با پنج تیمار و چهار تکرار ارزیابی شد. یک روز پیش، 5، 14 و 21 روز پس از سم‌پاشی چهار بوته از هر کرت کنده و شمار لارو درون بافت گیاه شمارش شد. یک هفته پیش از برداشت محصول، شمار غلاف‌های سالم(HP) و عقیم (BS)روی سه بوته از هر کرت شمارش شدند. 1 مترمربع از هر کرت برداشت، عملکرد و وزن هزاردانه(TKW) محاسبه شد. نخستین سرخرطومی‌ها در 11 آبان، اوج پرواز در نهم آذر و آخرین آن‌ها در اوایل دی‌ماه مشاهده شدند. تخم‌ریزی از اوایل آذر آغاز و در نیمة آذر به اوج خود رسید. درصد کارایی حشره‌کش‌ها در 14 روز پس از سم‌پاشی به ترتیب 51/6±89/88، 61/9±57/57، 6±20/83 و 13/6±82/91 بود، که به ترتیب باعث افزایش TKW به میزان 8/0، 4/0، 48/0 و 43/0 گرم و افزایش عملکرد به میزان 5/115، 2/68، 5/79 و 8/62 گرم نسبت به شاهد شدند. شمار HP و BS در تیمارهای حشره‌کش بهترتیب 63/11±17/77، 93/1±58/43، 10/9±44، 06/7±75/44 عدد و 29/0±50/4، 98/0±75/8، 42/1±25/13 و 54/3±33/18 عدد بود که این شمار در شاهد بهترتیب 35/3±75/31 و 76/2±83/14 بود. کلرپیریفوس، با درصد کارایی مناسب، بیشترین میزان عملکرد، TKW و HP و کمترین BS را داشت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Monitoring and chemical control of canola stem-borer weevils Ceutorhynchus spp. (Col.: Curculionidae)
نویسنده [English]
- Hassan Barari
Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]
In order to monitor canola stem borer weevils, Ceutorhynchus spp., determining the appropriate time for control, and investigate the efficacy of insecticides, this research was conducted in a RCBD with five treatments and four replicates in Sari during 2011-2012. Yellow water traps were used for monitoring the pest. The treatments were a) chlorpyrifos EC40.8% (2 l/ha), b) imidacloprid SC35% (1 l/ha), c) diazinon EC60% (1.5 l/ha), d) fenitrothion EC50% (1 l/ha) and e) control. Four plants per plot were collected 1 day before and 5, 14, and 21 days after treatment and the pest larvae were counted. One week prior to harvesting, the numbers of healthy pods (HP) and blind stalks (BS) on three plants per plot were counted. 1 m2 of the crop per plot was harvested, and the yield and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were measured. First and last weevils were caught in early November and late December, respectively and its peak occurred in late November. Oviposition began in late November and its peak occurred in early December. The efficacies of the treatments a, b, c and d at 14 days after treatment were 88.89±6.51, 57.57±9.61, 83.20±6.00, and 91.82±6.13 percentage, respectively. Compared to ghe control, TKW and yield increase in a, b, c, d were 0.8, 0.4, 0.48, and 0.43 g; 115.5, 68.2, 79.5, and 62.8 g, respectively. HP and BS in a, b, c, d and e were 77.17±11.63, 43.58±1.93, 44±9.10, 44.75±7.06 and 31.75±3.35; 4.50±0.29, 8.75±0.98, 13.25±1.42, 18.33±3.54 and 14.83±2.76, respectively. Chlorpyrifos with appropriate efficacy, had the highest yield, TKW, HP and the smallest BS.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Chlorpyrifos
- control
- diazinon
- fenitrothion
- imidacloprid
- oilseed rape pest
- Barari, H. & Alziar, G. (2008). Rearing and identification of three new stem-borer weevils of oilseed rape from Mazandaran province. In: Proceedings of 18th Iranian plant protection congress, 24-27 August, Hamadan, Iran, P. 90. (in Farsi)
- Barari, H. (2005). Ecology of the coleopteran stem-mining pests and their parasitoids in winter oilseed rape: implications for integrated pest management. Ph.D. dissertation. Imperial College, University of London, UK.
- Barari, H. (2010). Identification of leaf-feeder and stem-borer beetles of canola and preliminary study on their biology in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Final Report of Project. 0-100-100000-05-0000-86019. 50 pp. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection. 50 pp. (In Farsi).
- Barari, H. (2013). Study on the efficacy of several insecticidal seed treatment and spraying to control flea beetles and stem borer weevils on canola in Mazandaran. Final Report of Project. 4-60-16-88118. 49 pp. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection. 49 pp. (In Farsi).
- Evans, D. (2007). Stem boring pests of winter oilseed rape. Technical notes, Crop and Soil systems (SAC), UK.
- Ferguson, A. W., Klukowski, Z., Walczak, B., Clark, S. J., Mugglestone, M. A., Perry, J. N. & Williams, I. H. (2003). Spatial distribution of pest insects in oilseed rape: implications for integrated pest management. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 95, 509-521.
- Grantina, I., Apenite, I.& Turka, I. (2011). Identification and control of rape stem weevil Ceutorhynchus spp. in winter oilseed rape in Latvia. Annual 17th International Scientific Conference Proceedings, "Research for rural development 2011", 18-20 May, 2011, Jelgava, Latvia, 1, p. 13-17.
- Inđić D., Vuković, S., Grahovac, M., Bursić, V. & Šunjka, D. (2009). Problems in Ceuthorrhynchus spp. Control on Rapeseed in the Region of Serbia. Pesticidi fitomedicina (Pesticides and Phytomedicina), (Belgrade), 24(4), 309-313.
- Inđić, D., Vuković, S., Grahovac, M., Mrkajić, M., Gvozdenac, S., Šunjka, D., Tanasković, S. & Stevanović, V. (2011). Validity of several factors in insecticide effects assessment in control of Ceuthorrhynchus spp. on rapeseed. Biljni lekar (Plant Doctor), 39(5), 481-490.
- Juran, I., Čuljak, T. G. & Grubišic´, D. (2011). Rape stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus napi Gyll. 1837) and cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus Marsh. 1802) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) - important oilseed rape pests. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus (Poljoprivredna Znanstvena Smotra), 76(2), 93-100.
- Kelm, M. & Klukowski, Z. (1998). The relationship between the stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus Marsh.) injury and losses of the flower buds. Bulletin IOBC/wprs Integrated Control in Oilseed Crops, 21, 147-151.
- Kelm, M. & Klukowski, Z. (2000). The effect of stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus Marsh.) infestation on oilseed rape yield. Bulletin IOBC/wprs Integrated Control in Oilseed Crops, 23, 125-130.
- Keyhaneyan A. & Barari, H. (2010). Report of cabbage stem weevil, Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Col.: Curculionidae) on oilseed rape from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 30(1), 61-62.
- Ludwig, T., Jansen, Trost, E. B., Mayer, J., Kühne, S. & Böhm, H. (2010). Organic control of oilseed rape pests through natural pesticides and mixed cultivation with turnip rape. 3rd Young Scientists Forum, 23-25 November, Quedlinburg, Germany, p. 44-47.
- Mitrović, P., Milovac, Ž. & Marinković, R. (2009). Current problems in the protection of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus var. napus L.). Zaštita bilja (Plant Protection), 60(2), 127-144.
- Nilsson, C. 1990. Yield losses in winter rape caused by cabbage stem flea beetle larvae (Psylliodes chrysocephala L.). Bulletin IOBC/wprs Integrated Control in Oilseed Crops. 13: 53-56.
- NRAAVC. (National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals). (1999). The NRA review of Fenitrothion, 2, 35 pp. Retrieved November 26, 2016, from http://apvma.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication/15256-fenitrothion-interim-report-ag.pdf
- Pomber, L., Weinberger P. & Prasad, R. (1979). Some phytotoxic effects of fenitrothion on the germination and early seedling growth of Picea glauca (MOENCH). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 22(1), 494-499.
- Rakhshani, E. (2002). Principles of Agricultural Toxicology. Farhang –e Jame. Tehran, Iran. 374 pp. (in Farsi)
- Williams, I. H. (2010). The major insect pests of oilseed rape in Europe and their management. pp. 1-45in: Williams, I. H. (ed.), Biocontrol-Based Integrated Management of Oilseed Rape Pests,Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
- Winfield, A. L. (1992). Management of oilseed rape pests in Europe. Agricultural Zoology Reviews, 5, 51-95.
)