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توزیع فضایی مراحل نابالغ و بالغ ملخ ایتالیایی Calliptamus italicus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) در مراتع منطقۀ خدا آفرین آذربایجان شرقی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تبریز

3 استاد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تبریز

4 استاد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

ملخ ایتالیایی Calliptamusitalicus Linnaeus, 1758هرساله در کانون­های این حشره در منطقۀ خدا آفرین به­ویژه در حالت (فاز) مهاجر هنگامی‌که جمعیت در حال افزایش باشد آسیب شایان‌توجهی به مراتع و کشتزارهای هم‌جوار در مسیرهای پرواز وارد می­سازد. از این‌رو، تغییر جمعیتی و الگوی توزیع فضایی مراحل نابالغ و بالغ این حشره در مراتع منطقۀ خدا آفرین استان آذربایجان شرقی در سال 1390، با استفاده از توزیع‌های آماری پواسن و دوجمله‌ای منفی، شاخص­های تجمع و مدل­های تیلور و آیوائو بررسی شد. نتایج ارائه‌شده توسط همۀ روش­ها در بیشتر موارد بیانگر تجمعی بودن نوع پراکنش حشره بود. با این‌حال، در اواخر فصل و با کاهش انبوهی حشره در دو مرحلۀ پورۀ سن پنجم و حشرۀ کامل کاهش تجمع و گرایش به پراکنش تصادفی در برخی نمونه‌ها ملاحظه شد. هر دو مدل تیلور و آیوائو نیز تجمعی بودن نوع پراکنش آن در مراحل نابالغ و بالغ ملخ را نشان دادند. همچنین با محاسبۀ آمارۀ λ آربوس و کریچ ((Arbous & Kerrich برای سن اول و مجموع سن‌ها در هر نمونه‌برداری مقادیر به‌دست‌آمده بیشتر از دو بود که بر پایۀ نظریۀ Blakhith بیانگر این است که توزیع فضایی تجمعی حشره هم متأثر از محیط و هم ویژگی‌های رفتاری ملخ است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial distribution of Italian locust, Calliptamus italicus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Khodafarin region, northwest of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahzad Iranipour 1
  • Mansour Aalipour 2
  • Mohammadhossein Kazemi 3
  • Gadir Nouri Ganbalani 4
1 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Former M. Sc. Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Annual aggressions of Italian locust, Calliptamus italicus (Linnaeus) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) at the gregary phase cause serious damages and reduce yields in crop production systems in Khodafarin region. Despite a long history of the pest in the region, no sampling program has been developed for its population estimate and management. During growing season 2011, the spatial distribution of the post-embryonic stages of this insect was studied as a major component of a sampling program. The discrepancy of sampling data from both poisson and negative binomial distributions was investigated using Pearson's Chi square test. Moreover, different crowding and contagiousness indices including dispersion index (ID), index of clumping of David & Moore (lDM), green index (Cx), mean crowding of Lloyd (x*), patchiness index of Lloyd (Ip), Arbous and Kerich's λ, Morisita index (lδ) were used to strengthen the analyses. Taylor's power law and Iwao's regression techniques also were used to create a relation between means and variances. Results revealed that all stages have an aggregation tendency. Arbous and Kerrich's λ index was>2 in all samples and according to Blackith, it may suggest a combination of a behavioral cause of aggregation as well as an environmental one.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Locusts
  • Orthoptera
  • population fluctuation
  • spatial dynamics

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 06 تیر 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 فروردین 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 اردیبهشت 1396

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