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تأثیر برخی ترکیب‌های شیمیایی در تحریک آنزیم‌های دفاعی گیاه و کاهش بیماری گموز پستۀ ناشی از Phytophthora drechsleri

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر(عج) رفسنجان

2 دانشیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر(عج) رفسنجان

3 استادیار پژوهشکده پسته، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی رفسنجان، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور تعیین مناسب‌ترین ترکیب شیمیایی مؤثر بر میزان تغییر سطح آنزیم‌های دفاعی و ایجاد مقاومت به شبه قارچ Phytophthora drechsleri در نهال‌های دو رقم پستۀ (سرخس و بادامی ‌ریززرند) آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با ترکیب‌های شیمیایی (فسفیت پتاسیم، فوزتیل آلومینیوم، سیلیکات پتاسیم، کمپلکس آمینواسید و آهن‌بر یا سیدروفور پایوچلین) انجام شد. ترکیب‌های مورد استفاده منجر به کاهش درصد مرگ‌ومیر نهال‌های پسته شدند، به‌طوری‌که فسفیت پتاسیم و کمپلکس آمینواسید با 100 درصد بیشترین و فوزتیل آلومینیوم با 25 درصد کمترین تأثیر را در کاهش رخداد بیماری داشتند. همچنین این ترکیب‌ها باعث افزایش ارتفاع، وزن ‌تر و خشک اندام‌های هوایی و ریشه نسبت به نهال‌های شاهد و آلوده به بیماری شدند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد، ترکیب‌های مورد استفاده به­ترتیب باعث افزایش 60، 55، 71 و 58 درصدی در سطوح آنزیمی پراکسیداز، پلی‌فنل‌اکسیداز، فنیل‌آلانین‌آمونیالیاز و فنل کل در رقم بادامی نسبت به رقم سرخس شدند. عامل بیماریزا به ترتیب سبب افزایش 9-14، 2، 3-2 و 1/1-47/1 برابری سطوح آنزیمی نسبت به تیمار شاهد در دو رقم پسته شد. استفاده از این ترکیب‌ها باعث افزایش سطوح آنزیمی و ترکیب‌های فنلی شد که این موضوع در مایه‌زنی توأم با عامل بیماری سطح بیشتری را نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of somechemical compounds in eliciting of plant defense enzymes and reduction of Pistachio gummosis (Phytophthora drechsleri)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fariba Fathi 1
  • Roohallah Saberi-Riseh 2
  • Mohammad Moradi 3
1 M. Sc. Student, Department of Plant Protection, Vali-e-Asr university of Rafsanjan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Vali-e-Asr university of Rafsanjan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Pistachio Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rafsanjan-Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to determine the most efficient chemical compound in fluctuation of plant defense enzymes level and causing resistance to Phytophthora drechsleri in two pistachio cultivars (Sarakhs and Badami-riz-Zarand), a factorial experiment was carried out based on complete randomized design (CRD) with chemical compounds (potassium phosphite, fosetyl-aluminium, potassium silicate, complex amino acid, and siderophore). The results indicated that chemicals used for this experiment were able to reduce the percentage of death in pistachio seedlings as plants treated with potassium phosphite and amino acid complex with 100% and fosetyl-aluminium with 25% had the most and the least effects in these reduction of disease incidence, respectively. These compounds increased plants height, roots, and shoot fresh and dry weights in comparison to the control and inoculated plants with P. drechsleri. The results indicated that chemical compounds used for this experiment were able to reduce the percentage of death in seedling. Plants treated with pottasium phosphite Chemical compounds also enhanced enzymatic levels and phenolic compound content, which phenomenon was more obvious in simultaneous inoculation with disease agent and lead to enhancing the peroxidase, poly phenol oxidase, phenylalanin aminolyase enzymatic level, and total phenolic compound content.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical compounds
  • Peroxidase
  • phenolic compounds
  • pistachio
  • polyphenol oxidase

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 دی 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 اسفند 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 06 خرداد 1396

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