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القای مقاومت سیستمیک به نماتد ریشۀ ‌گرهی گوجه‌فرنگی با استفاده از اسید سالیسیلیک و دو عامل بیوکنترل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

2 استادیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

3 استادیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد

4 مربی گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر قارچ Trichoderma viride، باکتری Pseudomonas fleurescens CHA0 و اسید سالیسیلیک روی نماتد ریشۀ گرهی (M. incognita race2) و تأثیر آن‌ها بر روند تولید آنزیم‌های دفاعی گوجه‌فرنگی، آزمونی در شرایط گلخانه به مرحلۀ‌ اجرا درآمد. جمعیت نماتد روی رقم حساس گوجه‌فرنگی روتگرز تکثیر و گیاهان مورد آزمون، در مرحلۀ چهار برگی مایه‌زنی شدند. میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های پراکسیداز، فنیل‌آلانین آمونیالیاز و کاتالاز در روزهای اول، چهارم و هفتم پس از مایه‌زنی نماتد، اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج بررسی‌ها نشان داد، کاربرد قارچ، باکتری و اسید سالیسیلیک، باعث افزایش مهار (کنترل) نماتد شد و کاهش قابل ملاحظه‌ای در شاخص‏های آلودگی مانند شمار گال و تودۀ تخم رخ داد. به‌طوری‌که مایه‌زنی توأم گیاهان آلوده، در رقم‌های Gina VF، Falat CH، Falat 111 و Karoon به ترتیب موجب کاهش درصد شمار گال (81، 68، 80 و 83)، شمار کیسۀ تخم (87، 78، 83 و 88) و عامل تولید‌مثل (83، 69، 82 و 84)  شد. بیشترین شمار گال به­ترتیب در رقم‌های Karoon، Flat 111، Gina VF و Flat CH و بدون حضور عامل‌های مهارکننده مشاهده شد. هر سه عامل افزون بر کاهش شاخص‌های نماتد، به ترتیب باعث افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های دفاعی کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و فنیل‌آلانین آمونیالیاز در گیاه شدند. این افزایش در چهارمین روز پس از مایه‌زنی، به بیشترین میزان خود رسید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Inducing systemic resistance of tomato by salicylic acid and two biocontrol agents against root- knot nematode

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Esfahani 1
  • Salar Jamali 2
  • Ayatollah Saeedizadeh 3
  • Hasan Pedramfar 4
1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, P.O. Box: 33191-18651, Tehran, Iran
4 Instructor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the effects of the fungus Trichoderma viride, the bacterium Pseudomonas fleurescens CHA0 and salicylic acid against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita race 2) on the defense enzyme production process of tomato, a pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions. The nematode populations were reproduced on tomato Rutgers cultivar and the test plants were inoculated at four-leaf stage. The peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and catalase activities were measured in the first, fourth and seventh days after nematode inoculation. The results showed that all three application modes of fungi, bacteria, and salicylic acid, increased nematode control and significant decreases occurred in the number of gall and egg mass. The infected plants inoculation with fungi, bacteria and salicylic acid, in the cultivars Gina VF, Falat CH, Falat 111 and Karoon reduced the percentage of gall (81, 68, 80, and 83), the number of egg mass (87, 78, 83, and 88) and reproductive factors (83, 69, 82, and 84), respectively. The highest numbers of galls were observed in Karoon, Flat 111, Gina VF and Flat CH in the absence of control agents, respectively. The three agents not only reduced the amount of disease but also increased the activity of catalase peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzymes in plants, respectively. The enzymes activity reached a maximum on the 4th day after inoculation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Meloidogyne incognita
  • Peroxidase
  • Pseudomonas fluorescens
  • Trichoderma viride

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 بهمن 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 31 تیر 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 شهریور 1396

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