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فعالیت‌ آنزیم‌های کربوهیدرازی مینوز برگ گوجه‌فرنگی Tuta absoluta (Lep.: Gelechidae) در حضور برخی عصاره‌های پروتئینی گیاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان

2 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان

3 استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان

4 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

مینوز برگ گوجه­فرنگی، Tutaabsoluta از مهم‌ترین آفت سبزی و صیفی­جات است که به‌طور چشمگیری تولید گوجه­فرنگی را در جهان تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. با توجه به اثر نامطلوب کاربرد آفت‌کش‌های شیمیایی در کنترل این آفت نیاز به روش‌های جایگزین است. یکی از روش‌هایی که می‌تواند در کنترل این آفت مؤثر باشد استفاده از مهارکننده‌های آنزیمی است. استفاده از مهارکننده‌های آنزیمی نیازمند شناخت دقیق آنزیم‌های هدف در حشرات آفت است. در پژوهش حاضر میزان فعالیت، دما و اسیدیتۀ بهینۀ آنزیم‌های آلفا-گلوکوزیداز، بتا-گلوکوزیداز، آلفا-گالاکتوزیداز و بتا-گالاکتوزیداز و نیز اثر مهارکنندگی عصارۀ پروتئینی گندم کویر، نخود، پیچک، داتوره و تاج‌خروس روی فعالیت این آنزیم‌ها، همره با محاسبۀ IC50، بررسی شده است. بیشترین میزان فعالیت مربوط به آلفا-گلوکوزیداز بود و میزان اسیدیتۀ بهینه برای فعالیت این آنزیم‌ها به‌جز بتا-گلوکوزیداز برابر با 6 به دست آمد. آنزیم بتا-گلوکوزیداز علاوه بر فعالیت بالا در اسیدیتۀ 6، در اسیدیتۀ برابر 8 بیشترین میزان فعالیت را داشت. دمای بهینه برای فعالیت آنزیم­های آلفا و بتا-گلوکوزیداز 40 درجۀ سلسیوس و برای آلفا و بتا-گالاکتوزیداز به ترتیب 40 و 45 درجۀ سلسیوس به دست آمد. در بررسی زایموگرام ژل به ترتیب 2، 3، 1 و 1 باند آنزیمی به ترتیب برای آلفا و بتا-گلوکوزیداز و آلفا و بتا-گالاکتوزیداز مشاهده شد. بررسی تأثیر مهارکننده‌های استخراج‌شده نشان داد، فعالیت آنزیم‌های آلفا-گلوکوزیداز و بتا-گالاکتوزیداز بیشتر تحت تأثیر مهارکننده‌ها قرار می‌گیرد. عصارۀ پروتئینی نخود در مقایسه با سایر گیاهان، مهارکنندگی بیشتری را بر فعالیت آنزیم‌های کربوهیدرازی داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Carbohydrases activity of tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Lep.: Gelechidae) in the presence of some plant proteinaceous extracts

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zhale Jafari 1
  • Ali Alizadeh 2
  • Hamze Izadi 3
  • Nasir Saberi-Riseh 4
1 M. Sc. Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
4 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) significantly affects the production of tomato in the world. The damage is done through the holes created in the leaves mesophile due to the larval feeding. Due to unfavorable effects of insecticides application, search for alternative control measures such as suppression of digestive enzymes using enzyme inhibitors is required. In the present study, we investigated activity, optimum pH and temperature of α-glucosidase, β-Glucosidase, α-galactosidase and β-galactosidase. Also the inhibitory effect of proteinaceous extracts of wheat, datura, chickpea, ivy and amaranthus, beside IC50 calculation, were investigated. Based on the results, α-glucosidase had the highest activity followed by β-galactosidase, α-galactosidase and β-glucosidase respectively. The optimum pH of these enzymes activity except of β-glucosidase, was 6. β-glucosidase had high activity in pH 6 with optimal pH 8. The optimal temperatures for α and β-glucosidase enzymes and α and β-galactosidase were 40, 40, 40 and 45°C, respectively. Zymogram of gel electrophoresis revealed 2, 3, 1 and 1 isoforms respectively for α and β-glucosidase and α and β-galactosidase in the digestive system. Results showed that inhibitors more affected activity of α-glucosidase and β-galactosidase. Thus the highest inhibitory rate was related to the pea proteinaceous extract.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carbohydrases
  • enzyme inhibition
  • Tomato leaf miner
  • optimum pH
  • optimum temperature

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 11 آبان 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 آبان 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 بهمن 1396

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