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تراکم جمعیت پسیل معمولی پسته Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) و الگوی توزیع فضایی پوره‎ها روی رقم‌های مختلف پسته در استان خراسان رضوی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

پسیل معمولی پسته (Agonoscena pistaciae)، یکی از آفات کلیدی پسته‎کاری‎های ایران است. نمونه‎برداری‎ از سه باغ شامل رقم‌های سفید، اکبری و کله قوچی صورت گرفت. واحد نمونه‌برداری پوره­ها برگ پسته و حشرات کامل یک کارت چسبندۀ زردرنگ انتخاب شد. تعداد پوره‎ها و حشرات کامل به‎صورت هفتگی شمارش و ثبت شد. تفاوت تراکم پوره‎ها و حشرات کامل روی سه رقم (سفید، اکبری و کله قوچی) معنی‎دار بود. الگوی توزیع فضایی پوره‎ها با استفاده از روش واریانس به میانگین و مدل‎های رگرسیونی تیلور و آیوائو مشخص شد. در روش واریانس به میانگین، توزیع فضایی پوره‎ها در سال1394 روی هر سه رقم از نوع تصادفی و در سال 1395 روی رقم سفید تصادفی و روی رقم‌های اکبری و کله قوچی تجمعی تعیین شد. شیب‌خط رگرسیون در هر دو مدل رگرسیونی روی هر سه رقم و در هر دو سال به‌طور معنی‌دار بزرگ‎تر از یک بود. در مدل تیلور توزیع فضایی پوره‎ها روی رقم سفید در سال 1394 تصادفی و روی دیگر رقم‌ها تجمعی بود. در مدل آیوائو توزیع فضایی روی رقم سفید در دو سال 1394 و 1395 تصادفی و در سایر موارد تجمعی تعیین شد. بیشتر بودن مقدار R2 در مدل Iwao  نشان‌دهندۀ  کارایی بهتر این مدل در توجیه رابطۀ میان واریانس و میانگین انبوهی حشره بود. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش در تدوین برنامه‎های نمونه‎برداری برای مدیریت تلفیقی پسیل پسته اهمیت زیادی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Population density of Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and spatial distribution pattern of its nymphs on three pistachio varieties in Khorasan Razavi province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samaneh Gholami Moghaddam 1
  • Naser Moeini-Naghadeh 2
  • Leila Naderloo 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Biosystem Mechanization Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae, is a key pest of pistachio trees in Iran. Sampling was done from three pistachio orchards including Sefid, Akbari and Kale-Ghochi varieties. Sample units for nymphs and adults were leaf and a yellow sticky trap, respectively. The number of nymphs on leaf and adult the number captured by traps was recorded weekly. The densities of nymphs and adults were significantly affected by pistachio varieties. The spatial distribution pattern of A. pistaciae nymphs was determined by indices of variance to mean ratio and regression methods of Taylor and Iwao. Indices of variance to mean ratio showed that spatial distribution of common pistachio psyllid in 2015 on three pistachio varieties was a random distribution. In 2016 and pooled two years, on Sefid variety random distribution and on Akbari and Kalle-Ghuchi varieties aggregated distributions were indicated. The aggregation indices in Taylor's model and Iwao's patchiness regression on the three pistachio varieties and during two years were both significantly greater than one. The spatial distribution of nymphs at Taylor’s model on Sefid pistachio and aggregated on other varieties in 2015. In Iwao's patchiness regression, spatial distribution in 2015 and 2016 was random on Sefid variety and aggregate in other cases.  However, the data obtained showed that Iwao's patchiness regression gave a better fitness with all data in comparison with Taylor's power law. The results can be used to improve the sampling program and implementation of pest management programs of this important pest.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Common pistachio psylla
  • Iwao's patchiness regression
  • Population density
  • Taylor's model

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 اسفند 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 17 اردیبهشت 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 19 خرداد 1397

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