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تنوع جدایه‌های قارچ Gibberella fujikuroi از نظر ارتباط بین تولید هورمون جیبرلین و شدت بیماری‌زایی در گیاه برنج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان

2 استادیار پژوهش، بخش گیاه‌پزشکی مؤسسۀ تحقیقات برنج کشور

3 استاد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

پوسیدگی طوقۀ برنج از مهم­ترین بیماری­های این گیاه در مناطق برنج­کاری است. قدکشیدگی از علائم بارز این بیماری است که در اثر تولید هورمون جیبرلین توسط بیمارگر ظاهر می­شود. این تحقیق به‌منظور شناسایی مجدد گونه­های بیمارگر باکانه، ترکیب جمعیتی گونه­ای بیمارگر، شدت بیماری­زایی، تولید هورمون جیبرلین و ارتباط دو صفت اخیر با جمع­آوری 50 نمونۀ گیاهی و سوا­سازی 23 جدایه از بیمارگر انجام شد. تعیین شدت بیماری­زایی به روش مایه­زنی ساقه­ی رقم گوهر در مرحلۀ گیاهچه­ای صورت گرفت. نتایج شناسایی جدایه­ها منجر به تشخیص گونه­های Fusarium fujikuroi و Fusarium verticillioides به ترتیب با ترکیب جمعیتی 4/88 و 6/11 درصد شد. نتایج آزمون بیماری­زایی نشان داد، مایه­زنی باعث ایجاد آلودگی در تمام گیاهان می­شود، هر­چند جدایه­ها از جهت شدت بیماری­زایی در میزبان متفاوت بودند. تعیین میزان جیبرلین به روش­های اسپکتروفتومتری(طیف‌سنج نوری) و HPLC نشان داد، همۀ جدایه­ها قادر به تولید جیبرلین می­باشند ولی میزان آن در جمعیت مورد مطالعه متفاوت بود. آنالیز داده­ها مشخص کرد که بین شاخص میزان تولید جیبرلین در بیمارگر و درصد افزایش ارتفاع ساقه (شدت بیماری­زایی) در گیاه از لحاظ آماری ارتباط معنی­داری وجود ندارد. احتمالاً حضور بیمارگر در گیاه و تأثیر قدرت بیماری­زایی آن بیشتر و یا سریع­تر از تأثیر جیبرلین در گیاه واقع شده است. این موضوع منجر به عدم درک رابطۀ بین میزان جیبرلین تولید و شدت بیماری‌زایی بیمارگر شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Diversity between different Gibberella fujikuroi isolates on their gibberellin hormone production and disease severity in rice plant

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sara Efati lakeh 1
  • Fereidoun Ppadasht-Dehkaei 2
  • Hossein Saremi 3
1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Rice Research Institute, Rasht, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Bakanae disease of rice is one of the most important rice diseases all over the worlds. Elongation is one of the conspicuous symptoms of Bakanae disease that is caused by gibberellins-producing isolates of the pathogen. The present investigation was done to reconsider the species of Bakanae, the ratio of pathogen’s species, virulence, gibberellin production and the relationship between virulence and the rate of gibberellin production in 23 isolates by gathering 50 samples of infected plants from rice fields. In order to identify the disease severity, inoculation of the plant stem was done by injection of spore suspension at the seedling stage in the Gohar variety. Results led us to identify two species of pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi and Fusarium verticillioides, and each one of them had a population of 88.4 and 11.6%, respectively. Results of the pathogenicity test showed that inoculation of the seedling causes infection in all the plant. Furthermore, the disease severity caused by the tested isolates were different in all the host plants. Results from tests of gibberellin determination using spectrophotometry and HPLC methods revealed that all the isolates were able to produce the hormone but the amount of it differed among isolates. No significant correlation was observed between the amount of gibberellin and percentage of stem elongation (disease severity). Perhaps, it may be due to early effects of virulence ability of the pathogen in comparison with late effects of gibberellin in the host plant. This leads to a lack of relationship between gibberellin levels and the disease severity of the pathogen.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fusarium fujikuroi
  • gibberellic acid
  • HPLC
  • spectrophotometry

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 فروردین 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 بهمن 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 اردیبهشت 1397

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