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پویایی قارچ Pyricularia oryzae در دو مرحلۀ بلاست برگی و گردن خوشه برنج، بر اساس ارزیابی ساختار ژنتیک جمعیت‌ها در سطح ‏های برگ، پنجه و مزرعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 استاد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

3 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، رشت

4 استادیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

5 دانشیار، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گرگان

6 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گرگان

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی پویایی قارچ Pyricularia oryzaeدر دو مرحلۀ بلاست برگی و گردن خوشه برنج، ساختار ژنتیکی جمعیت‌ها برای 142 جدایه در یک مزرعه و در سه سطح با استفاده از نشانگر مولکولی SSR و پنج ترکیب آغازگر موردبررسی قرار گرفت. جدایه‌های موردپژوهش از دو مرحلۀ بلاست برگی و بلاست گردن خوشه و در سه سطح جمع‌آوری شدند. در سطح اول جدایه‌های به‌دست‌آمده از دو مرحلۀ بلاست برگی و بلاست گردن خوشه از یک مزرعه، مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفتند. سطح دوم به جدایه‌های دو جمعیت برگ و گردن خوشه که از پنجه‌های یک بوته برنج به‌دست‌آمده بودند، تعلق داشتند و سطح سوم بررسی را نیز جدایه‌های سه جمعیت جداشده از سه لکۀ مجزا در سطح یک برگ از یک بوته برنج به خود اختصاص دادند. بر اساس فنوگرام تنوع ژنتیکی رسم شده، تمامی 142 جدایۀ بررسی‌شده تشابه ژنتیکی 89 تا 100درصد را نشان دادند. برآوردهای ژنتیکی در سه سطح موردبررسی به ترتیب میانگین جریان ژنی 62/57، 68/10 و 783/4 را بین جدایه‌های بررسی‌شده نشان دادند. ردیابی ایدیومورف‌های تیپ آمیزشی 142 جدایه با روش Multiplex PCR نشان داد که همۀ جدایه‌ها دارای ایدیومورف MAT1-1 هستند. این برآمدنشان‌دهندۀ عدم رخداد تولیدمثل جنسی و بیان‌کنندۀ این است که تکثیر جمعیت‌های قارچ در سطح مزارع برنج در استان گیلان فقط به صورت غیرجنسی رخ می‌دهد. تنوع ژنتیکی کم و شباهت ژنتیکی زیاد جمعیت‌های عامل بیماری بلاست برنج در استان گیلان نیز این استنتاج را تایید می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Dynamic of Pyricularia oryzae at the two stages, leaf, and panicle neck blast based on the assessment of population structure at leaf, tiller, and field levels

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Salimi 1
  • Mohammad Javan Nikkhah 2
  • Fereydon Padasht Dehkayi 3
  • Alireza Alizadeh 4
  • Hasan Soltanloo 5
  • Sareh Yosefirad 6
1 Ph. D. Candidate, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Iranian Rice Research Institute, Rasht, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant protection, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
5 Assocaite Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
6 Ph. D. Candidate, Department of Agronomy and Plant Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to assess the dynamic of Pyricularia oryzae at leaf and panicle neck blast stages, population genetic structures of the 142 isolates were investigated in a rice field and at three levels using SSR markers and five primer pair combinations. All the isolates were collected from the two-leaf and panicle stages at three levels. In the first level, isolates collected from leaf and panicle neck blast stages in the rice field were analyzed. In the second level, isolates belonged to the leaf and panicle neck populations were collected from tillers of the same rice hill and analyzed. In the third level, the ienvestigated isolates belonged to three populations and were obtained from three distinct leaf spots from the same rice leaf in a rice tiller. Based on constructed dendrogram for all of the 142 isolates, genetic similarity varied from 89 to 100% among the isolates. Population genetic estimations at the three studied levels showed that the amount of gene flow was 57.62, 10.68, and 4.783, respectively between the isolates. Detection of mating type idiomorphs of the studied isolates using multiplex PCR showed that all the isolates had Mat1-1 idiomorph. This indicates the absence of sexual reproduction within the M. oryzae populations in rice fields in Guilan province and the fungus reproduces only in an asexual way. Low genetic variation and high genetic similarity among the populations of the causal agent of rice blast disease in Guilan province confirm this result.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gene flow
  • Mating type
  • Molecular markers
  • Rice blast

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 11 تیر 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 فروردین 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 فروردین 1397

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