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ارزیابی تراکم جمعیت و میزان آلودگی به مگس گلرنگ Acanthiophilus helianthi (Dip.: Tephritidae) در کشت مخلوط گلرنگ و نخود

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد اگرواکولوژی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

مگس گلرنگ با نام علمی Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Dip.: Tephritidae) یکی از آفات مهم گلرنگ در جهان است. کشت مخلوط یکی از روش‌های مناسب برای کنترل این آفت است، بنابراین اثر الگوهای مختلف کشت مخلوط گلرنگ و نخود (کشت خالص گلرنگ، سری‌های جایگزینی با الگوهای 4:4، 2:2، 1:1، 3:1 و 1:3 و سری‌های افزایشی 20 و 40 درصد نخود هرکدام در دو حالت بین (I) و اطراف (II) ردیف‌های گلرنگ) بر تراکم و خسارت آفت در شرایط مزرعه در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه کردستان بررسی شد. علاوه بر تراکم جمعیت حشرات بالغ مگس گلرنگ، درصد آلودگی کاپیتول‏ها به‌عنوان یکی از شاخص‏های خسارت مورد ارزیابی واقع شد. نتایج نشان داد تراکم جمعیت حشرات بالغ مگس گلرنگ به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر الگوهای مختلف کشت قرار گرفت، به‌طوری‌که کمترین جمعیت مگس گلرنگ در الگوهای کشت 1:3 (یک ردیف گلرنگ، سه ردیف نخود) و 3:1 (سه ردیف گلرنگ، یک ردیف نخود) به ترتیب با میانگین 6/0±33/18 و 3±22 مشاهده شد. بررسی میزان آلودگی به مگس گلرنگ نشان داد که میانگین درصد کاپیتول‏های آلوده به ازای یک بوته نیز، در الگوهای کشت مخلوط 1:3 و 3:1 به ترتیب با میانگین 5/0±1/6 و 1/1±3/8 در مقایسه با سایر الگوهای مورد آزمایش کاهش معنی‌داری را دارا بود. این نتایج مشخص کرد الگوهای کشت 1:3 و 3:1، در بین ده الگوی کشت موردمطالعه، با کمترین تراکم آفت و نرخ آلودگی پتانسیل لازم جهت استفاده در برنامه‌های مدیریت تلفیقی این آفت در مزارع گلرنگ را دارا هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the population density and infestation rate of safflower fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi (Dip.: Tephritidae) in intercropping patterns of chickpea and safflower

نویسندگان [English]

  • Faride Salari 1
  • Shiva Khalesro 2
  • Gholamreza Heidari 3
  • Hamed Ghobari 4
1 Former M.Sc. Student of Agroecology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor and Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Safflower fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the important pests of safflower in the world. The intercropping pattern can be one of the suitable and safe methods to control the pest. Therefore, the influenceof different intercropping patterns of chickpea and safflower (sole cropping of safflower, replacement series consisted of 4:4, 2:2, 1:1, 3:1, 1:3, and additive series consisted of 20 and 40% chickpea in two situations: between and around of safflower rows) on the population density and infestation rate of this pest was studied in a randomized complete block design at the research field of Kurdistan University. Results showed that different intercropping patterns affected the population density of the pest significantly. The population density of the pest in all intercropping patterns of chickpea and safflower except 20% I pattern was lower than the sole cropping of safflower. 1:3 and 3:1 intercropping patterns resulted in the lowest average population density of the pest among other cropping patterns (18.33 ± 0.6 and 220 ± 3, respectively). Studying the infestation rate of the pest also showed thatthe mean density percentages of the infested capitula per plant were significantly different among the cropping patterns, and 1:3 and 3:1 intercropping patterns had the lowest mean densities of the infestation rate (6.1 ± 1.1 and 8.3 ± 0.5%, respectively). According to the results, 1:3 and 3:1 intercropping patterns showed a high potential for using in the integrated management of safflower fly among the other studied patterns.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chickpea
  • intercropping
  • Safflower
  • safflower fly
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