c3518cb17d976b8

ارزیابی مقاومت و واکنش آنزیمی ارقام مختلف باقلا در برابر لکه برگی آلترناریایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 گروه باغبانی و گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

چکیده

باقلا (Vicia faba) یکی ازمهم‌ترین لگوم‌های دانه‌ای در گیاهان زراعی می‌باشد. بیماری لکه‌برگی آلترناریایی یکی از بیماری‌های باقلا در استان گلستان و مازندران و عامل خسارت و کاهش عملکرد در این گیاه می‌باشد. در تحقیق حاضر از مزارع باقلا آلوده به بیماری در استان‌های گلستان و مازندران نمونه‌برداری انجام شد. جدایه بدست آمده براساس خصوصیات ریخت‌شناسی و مولکولی Alternaria alternata شناسایی شد. به منظور ارزیابی مقاومت نسبی نه رقم باقلا نسبت به این بیماری در شرایط گلخانه، سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری (AUDPC) اندازه‌گیری شد. همچنین تغییرات برخی از آنزیم‌های مرتبط با مقاومت در رقم حساس و مقاوم در زمان‌های مختلف پس از آلودگی بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح 5 درصد در نرخ حساسیت به بیماری در ارقام مختلف در مقابل A. alternata وجود دارد. رقم اوتونو با بیشترین مقدار AUDPC حساس‌ترین و ارقام زرشکی و زینامورا با کمترین مقدار، مقاوم‌ترین ارقام بودند. همچنین نتایج داده‌های فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان نشان‌دهنده اختلاف معنی‌دار در سطح یک درصد در فعالیت هر سه آنزیم پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز پس از وقوع بیماری می‌باشد. افزایش در مقادیر آنزیم‌ها در تعامل ناسازگار (رقم مقاوم زرشکی) در مقایسه با تعامل سازگار (رقم حساس اوتونو) بیشتر بود که نقش این آنزیم‌ها در فعال‌سازی واکنش‌های دفاعی گیاه باقلا در تعامل با بیمارگر و بروز مقاومت را نشان می‌دهد. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که رقم زرشکی با مقدار کم AUDPC و بیان بالای آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی از پتانسیل بالایی برای اصلاح ژنتیک در مقاومت به بیماری لکه‌برگی آلترناریایی برخوردار می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of resistance and enzyme production of faba bean cultivars against Alternaria leaf spot

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary 1
  • Soghra Taherpour Kolaei 2
  • Valiollah Babaeizad 1
  • Shideh Mojerlou 3
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomic sciences, Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomic sciences, Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University
3 Department of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology
چکیده [English]

Faba Bean (Vicia faba) is an important legume among cultivated plants and Alternaria leaf spot is a serious disease that causes broad damages and yield loss in Golestan and Mazandaran provinces. In current research, sampling was carried out from Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Morphological and molecular surveys of the obtained isolates showed that they belong to A. alternata species. In order to evaluate resistance of nine Faba Bean cultivars against Alternaria leaf spot, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) were calculated in greenhouse condition. In addition, variation of some resistance related enzymes between resistant and susceptible lines were tested at different time intervals after inoculation. Statistical analysis showed significant difference between cultivars (P≤ 0.05). The Otono cultivar with the highest AUDPC and Zereshki cultivar with the least AUDPC were suggested as susceptible and resistance cultivars, respectively. The ANOVA of antioxidant enzymes showed positive effects on CAT, APX and GPX levels after inoculation (P≤ 0.01). Increasing in the amount of enzymes in incompatible interaction (Zereshki resistant cultivar) was greater than that of compatible interaction (Otono susceptible cultivar), indicates the role of these enzymes in activating plant defense responses in Faba Bean to interact with the pathogen and induce resistance. In general, the results showed that Zereshki cultivar with low level of AUDPC and high expression of antioxidant enzymes has high potential to be used in breeding programs for resistance to Alternaria leaf spot.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Catalase
  • Ascorbate Peroxidase
  • Area Under Disease Progress Curve
  • Alternaria leaf spot

مراجع

  1. Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Method in Enzymology, 105, 121-126.
  2. Aghajani, M. A. )2009(. Stemphylium leaf blight of broad bean in Iran. Journal of Plant Pathology, 91, 103.
  3. Aghajani, M. A., Razi Nataj, M. & Mohammadi, H. (2009) Guide of Faba Bean Disease Identification and management. Gorgan Ershad Publication. (in Farsi)
  4. Allen, A. C. & Fluhr, R. (1997). Two distinct sources of elicited reactive oxygen species in tobacco epidermal cells. The Plant Cell, 9, 1559-1572.
  5. Amini, Z., Moalemi, N. A. & Saadati, S. (2014). Effects of water deficit on proline content and activity of antioxidant enzymes among three olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. Journal of Plant Research, 27 (2), 156-167. (in Farsi)
  6. Anjana, G., Kini, K. R., Shetty, H. S. & Prakash, H. S. (2008). Changes in Peroxidase activity in sunflower during infection by necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria helianthi. Phytopathology and plant protection, 41, 586-596.
  7. Anonymous. (2013). FAO Statistics. http://data.fao.org/.
  8. Bowler, C., Van Montagu, M. & Inze, D. (1992). Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 43, 83-116.
  9. Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248-254.
  10. Campbell, C. L. & Madden, L. V. (1990) Introduction to Plant Disease Epidemiology. Wiley-Interscience Publication.
  11. Chaudiere, J. & Ferrari-Iliou, R. (1999). Intracellular antioxidant: from chemical to biochemical mechanisms. Food Chemical Toxicology, 37, 949-962.
  12. Cheng, D. D., Jia, Y. J., Gao, H. Y., Zhang, L. T., Zhang, Z. S., Xue, Z. C. & Meng, Q. W. (2011). Characterization of the programmed cell death induced by metabolic products of Alternaria alternata in tobacco BY-2 cells. Physiologia Plantarum, 141(2), 117-129.
  13. Darvishzadeh, R., Arjomand, N., Najafzadeh, R. & Heydari, R. (2018). Evaluation of biochemical changes and enzymatic activity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) susceptible and resistant lines in response to Sclerotinia disease. Journal of Plant Research, 31 (3): online. (in Farsi)
  14. Debona, D., Rodrigues, F. Á., Rios, J. A. & Nascimento, K. J. (2012). Biochemical changes in the leaves of wheat plants infected by Pyricularia oryzae. Phytopathology, 102(12), 1121-1129.
  15. Dixon, D. P., Cummins, I., Cole, D. J. & Edwards, R. (1998). Glutathione-mediated detoxification system is plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 1, 258-266.
  16. Dubey, S. C. & Patel, B. (2000). Mode of perpetuation and spread of Alternaria blight of broad bean. Indian Phytopathology, 53(2), 175-177.
  17. El-komy, M. H. (2014). Comparative Analysis of Defense Responses in Chocolate Spot-Resistant and -Susceptible Faba Bean (Vicia faba) Cultivars Following Infection by the Necrotrophic Fungus Botrytis fabae. Plant Pathology Journal, 30(4), 355–366.
  18. Esfandiari, E., Mahboob, S. & Shekari, F. (2009) Plant Physiology. Amidi Publication, Tabriz. (in Farsi)
  19. Filipowicz, A. (1984). Occurance of fungus disease of faba bean (Visia faba L. var. major Harz) in the field. Biuletyn Warzywniczy, 27, 393-416.
  20. Foyer, C. H. & Harbinson, J. (1994) Oxygen metabolism and the regulation of photosynthetic electron transport. In C.H. Foyer and P.M. Mullineaux (eds.), Causes of photo-oxidative stress and amelioration of defense systems in plants. (pp. 1-42). Boca Raton. FL: CRC Press.
  21. Ge, Y., Guest, D. I. & Bi, Y. (2014). Differences in the Induction of defence responses in resistant and susceptible muskmelon plants infected with Colletotrichum lagenarium. Journal of Phytopathology, 162, 48–54.
  22. Gill, S. S. & Tuteja, N. (2010). Review Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48(12), 909-930.
  23. Gurha, S. N., Misra, D. P., Shrivastava, Y. C., Shukla, A. K. & Misra, R. (1981). A new record of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler on Vicia faba Linn. and sources of resistance. Indian journal of agricultural science, 51(12), 904-906.
  24. Hanifei, M., Dehghani, H. & Choukan, R. (2013). The Role of Antioxidant Enzymes and Phenolic Compounds in Disease Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Melonis Race 1.2. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 4(8), 1985-1996.
  25. He, C. Y. & Wolyn, D. J. (2005). Potential role for salicylic acid in induced resistance of asparagus roots to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi. Plant Pathology, 54: 227-232.
  26. Hibbett, D. S. (2003). Ribosomal RNA and fungal systematics. Transaction of the Mycological Society of Japan, 33, 533-577.
  27. Jeger, M. J. (2004). Analysis of disease progress as a basis for evaluating disease management practices. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 42, 61-82.
  28. Jia, Y. J., Cheng, D. D., Wang, W. B., Gao, H. Y., Liu, A. X., Li, X. M. & Mang, Q. W. (2010). Different enhancement of senescence induced by metabolic products of Alternaria alternata in tobacco leaves of different ages. Physiologia Plantarum, 138(2), 164–175.
  29. JinHyeuk, K. & ChangSeuk, P. (2002). Leaf spot of broad bean (Vicia faba) caused by Alternaria tenuissima. Research in plant disease, 8(2), 117-119.
  30. Khosravi, H. (2016). Evaluation of some physiological characteristics of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae native to soils of Iran. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 28 (4), 513-523. (in Farsi).
  31. Lubiana, A. S. & Murugan, K. (2012). Biochemical characterization of oxidative burst during interaction between sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in response to Alternaria sesame. International journal of advanced biological research, 2, 86-91.
  32. Mahmoud, M. A., Al-Sohaibani, S. A., Al-Othman, M. R., & Abd El-Aziz, A. R. M. (2012). Biochemical screening of chocolate spot disease on faba bean caused by Botrytis fabae. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6(32), 6122-6129.
  33. Mandal, S., Mitra, A. & Mallick, N. (2008). Biochemical characterization of oxidative burst during interaction between Solanum lycopersicum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 72, 56–61.
  34. Mansour, K. 1980. Chemical control of rust and leaf spots of filed beans (Vicia faba L.). Agricultural research review, 58(2), 49-56.
  35. Mishra, N. I., Mishra, R. K. & Singhal, G. S. (1995). Changes in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes during exposure of in heat leaves to strong visual light at different temperatures in the prescence of protein synthesis inhibitors. Plant Physiology, 102, 903-910.
  36. Moeller, E. M., Bahnweg, G., Sandermann, H. & Geiger, H. H. (1992). A simple and efficient protocol for isolation of high molecular weight DNA from filamentous fungi, fruit bodies, and infected plant tissues. Nucleic Acids Research, 22, 6115-6116.
  37. Moghasem, M., Aghajani, M. A. & Sheikh, F. (2014). Evaluation of different Faba bean genotypes reaction against leaf diseases in Gorgan region. In: Proceedings of 5th Iranian Pulse Crops Conference, 26 Feb., Karaj, Iran, pp. 697-700. (In Farsi)
  38. Mohamed, H., EL-Hady, A. A., Mansour, M. & EL-Samawaty, A. E. (2012). Association of oxidative stress components with resistance to flax powdery mildew. Tropical Plant Pathology, 37, 386-392.
  39. Mostafa, M., Sharifnabi, B., Esmaeili, A. & Safaie, N. (2010). Role of abreatr1 gene in protective mechanism and pathogenicity of Alternaria brassicae, the causal agent of leaf spot in canola using real time PCR. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 46(4), 283-292. (in Farsi).
  40. Nikraftar, F., Taheri, P., Rastegar, M. F. & Tarighi, S. (2013). Tomato partial resistance to Rhizoctonia solani involves antioxidative defense mechanisms. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 81, 74–83.
  41. Pan, Y., Jun Wu, L. & Liang Yu, Z. (2006). Effect of salt and drought stress on antioxidant enzyme activities and SOD isoenzymes of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch). Plant Growth Regulation, 49, 157-165.
  42. Passardi, F., Cosio, C., Penel, C. & Dunand, C. (2005). Peroxidases have more functions than a Swiss army knife. Plant Cell Reports, 24, 255-265.
  43. Sabaghpour, S. H. (1995). Study of plant density effect on Barkat faba bean yield. Seed and Plant Journal, 11(4), 9-13. (in Farsi).
  44. Sairam, R. K., Veerabhadra Rao, K. & Srivastava, G. C. (2002). Differential of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concentration. Plant Science, 163, 1037-1046.
  45. Saleem, A., El-Said, A. H. M., Maghraby, T. A. & Hussein, M. A. (2012). Pathogenicity and Pectinase Activity of Some Facultative Mycoparasites Isolated from Vicia faba Diseased Leaves in Relation to Photosynthetic Pigments of Plant. Journal of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, 3(6), 141. doi:10.4172/21577471.1000141
  46. Shigeoka, S., Ishikawa, T., Tamoi, M., Miyagawa, Y., Takeda, T. & Yabuta, Y. (2002). Regulation and function of ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53, 1305-1319.
  47. Shimoni, M., Bar-Zur, A. & Reuveni, R. (1991). The association of peroxidase activity and resistance of maize to Exserohilum triticum. Journal of Phytopathology, 131, 315-321.
  48. Simmons, E. G. (1967). Typification of Alternaria, Stemphylium and Ulocladium. Mycologia, 59, 67-92.
  49. Simmons, E. G. (2007) Alternaria: an identification manual. American Society of Microbiology.
  50. Tivoli, B., Baranger, A., Avila, C. M., Banniza, S., Barbetti, M., Chen, W., Davidson, J., Lindeck, K., Khar-rat, M., Rubiales, D., Sadiki, M., Sillero, J. C., Sweetingham, M., & Muehlbauer, F. J. (2006). Screening techniques and sources of resistanceto foliar diseases caused by major necrotrophic fungi in grain legumes. Euphytica, 147, 223–253.
  51. Tong, W. & Newton, R. J. (2005). Peroxidase and catalase activities are involved in direct adventitious shoot formation induced by thidiazuron in eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) zygotic embryos. Plant Pysiology and Biochemistrty, 43, 760-769.
  52. Yong, T., Zongsuo, L., Hongbo, S. & Feng, D. (2006). Effect of water deficits on the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes and osmoregulation among three different genotypes of Radix astragali at seedling stage. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 49, 60-65.
  53. Yoshimura, K., Yabuta, Y., Ishikawa, T. & Shigeoka, S. (2000). Expression of spinach ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes in response to oxidative stresses. Plant Physiology, 123(1), 223-233.
  54. Zhu, Z., Liang, Z. & Han, R. (2009). Saikosaponin accumulation and antioxidative protectionin drought-stressed Bupleurum chinense DC. plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 66, 326-333.

 

دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران
دوره 51، شماره 1
شهریور 1399
صفحه 55-66

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 06 بهمن 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 اردیبهشت 1399

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار