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تنوع ژنتیکی و بیماریزایی در قارچ Mauginiella scaettae، عامل پوسیدگی گل‌آذین خرما (خامج)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 .گروه حشره‌شناسی و بیماری‌های گیاهی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشگاه تهران- پردیس ابوریحان- استادیار

3 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

4 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

5 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

6 استاد/ گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

خامج (Khamedj) یکی از مهم‌ترین بیماری‌های قارچی نخل به شمار می‌آید که در سال‌هایی که شرایط محیطی مساعد باشد، اپیدمی‌های خطرناک ایجاد می‌کند و تا 80 درصد خسارت اقتصادی به بار می‌آورد. تعداد 27 جدایه قارچ Mauginiella scaettae عامل این بیماری، از نقاط مختلف خرماخیز کشور، دو جدایه از کشور عراق و یک جدایه از کشور کویت از روی ارقام مختلف نخل طی سال‌های 1398-1397 جمع‌آوری شده و در این پژوهش به کار رفت. هفت نشانگرEST-SSR برای بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی این جدایه‌ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفت که از بین آنها تعداد پنج لوکوس (SNOD1،SNOD26 ،SNOD22 ، SNOD17 وSNOD21 ) دارای پلی‌مورفیسم بوده و در مجموع از آنها شانزده الل به‌دست آمد. دو نشانگر (SNOD5 و SNOD16) نیز فاقد توانایی تکثیر بودند. دندروگرام روابط خویشاوندی با استفاده از تجزیه خوشه‌ای مبتنی بر ضریب تشابه جاکارد ترسیم شد و جدایه‌ها در پنج کلاستر قرار گرفتند. دو کلاستر (V، IV) به تعدادی زیر کلاسترتقسیم شدند. بیشترین ضریب تشابه بین جدایه‌هایIlam-sa و Behb-kh2 (75/0) و بیشترین فاصله ژنتیکی با سایر جدایه‌ها مربوط به جدایه‌های Kheshbid-za و Abad-sa1 بود. سیزده جدایه از بین کلاسترهای ژنتیکی شناسایی شده برای بررسی گروه‌های بیماری‌زایی روی رقم استعمران انتخاب شدند. جدایه‌ها در سطح یک درصد از نظر درصد شدت بیماریزایی اختلاف معنی‌دار داشتند. بیشترین و کمترین شدت بیماریزایی به ترتیب مربوط به جدایه‌های Behb-ma1 و Mehr-sa بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of Mauginiella scaettae the causal agent of date palm

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Alvanipour 1
  • Heshmatolah Aminian 2
  • Khalil Alami-Saeid 3
  • Karim Sorkheh 4
  • Reza Farrokhinejad 5
  • Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah 6
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology and Plant Pathology, Abouraihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
2 Department of Agricultural Entomology and Plant Pathology, Abouraihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
3 Department of Plant Production and Genetic, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Khuzestan, Iran
4 Department of Plant Production and Genetic, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
5 Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
6 Professor/Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Science,, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

khamedj is one of the most important fungal diseases that in a favorable condition can lead to severe outbreaks and causing an 80% loss of the annual harvest. 30 isolates of Mauginiella scaettae, the causative agent of this disease including 27 isolates from different locations of the Iran, two isolates from Iraq and one isolate from Kuwait were collected from different palm cultivars during 1397-1397 and used in the present study. Seven EST-SSRs markers were applied to show the genetic diversity among these 30 isolates. Five loci including, SNOD1, SNOD26, SNOD22, SNOD17, and SNOD21 were polymorphic among the species and revealed a total of 16 alleles. Also, two microsatellite markers, including SNOD5 and SNOD16, did not amplify and showed no amplification. The dendrogram constructed based on the similarity index resulted in five major clusters so that two clusters were divided into sub-clusters. The highest similarity value was observed between isolates Ilam-sa and Behb-kh2 (0.75) and followed by isolates abad-ma1 and ramh-sa1 (0.57). On the other hand, two isolates Kheshbid-za and Abad-sa1 have the highest genetic distances with other isolates. Thirteen isolates were selected from the identified genetic groups to study pathogenic groups on the sayer cultivar. The results indicated that there were significant differences among isolates used. The results revealed that Behb-ma1 isolate and Mehr-sa isolate showed the lowest and highest pathogenicity, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fingerprint group
  • DNA polymorphism
  • Sayer cultivar
  • Differences isolates
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