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فعالیت تولیدمثلی و پاسخ بویایی زنبور انگلواره Lysiphlebus fabarum، به حضور شکارگر درون رسته ای Hippodamia variegata ، در لکه های میزبان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد حشره‌شناسی کشاورزی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 دانشیار حشره‌شناسی کشاورزی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 دانشیار حشره‌شناسی، آزمایشگاه اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکدۀ تحصیلات تکمیلی کشاورزی، دانشگاه کیوتو، ژاپن

چکیده

در این تحقیق فعالیت تولیدمثلی و همچنین پاسخ بویایی زنبور انگل‌واره (پارازیتویید)Lysiphlebus fabarum  به حضور شکارگر درون‏رسته‌ای، کفشدوزک Hippodamia variegata Goeze روی گیاه خیار آلوده به شتۀ جالیز Aphis gossypii بررسی شد. به این منظور افزون بر مقایسۀ میزان تغذیۀ کفشدوزک‌ از شته‌های بالغ سالم و انگلی‌شده (پارازیته)، ویژگی‏های تولیدمثلی (درصد‌ انگلی شدن یا پارازیتیسم، درصد ‌ظهور و نسبت ‌جنسی) زنبور در سه لکۀ غذایی تنها شته، شته همراه با کفشدوزک و شته همراه با لاشه‏های ‌شته بررسی شد. همچنین ترجیح زنبور در انتخاب سه لکۀ یادشده با آزمایش بویایی‌سنجی تعیین شد. تغذیۀ کفشدوزک از شته‌های سالم در مقایسه با شته‌های انگلی‌شده بیشتر بود (001/0>, P53/12=27و2F) و در میان لکه‌های غذایی، به نسبت درصد انگلی شدن در لکۀ حاوی کفشدوزک کمتر بود (03/0=, P99/6=42و2G). همچنین در آزمایش‏های بویایی‏سنجی، زنبور به‌طور معنی‌داری از انتخاب لکۀ حاوی شکارگر درون‌رسته‌ای خودداری کرد (01/0=, P19=df , 40/6=2χ)، اما نتوانست حضور لاشه‏های شته را در لکۀ ‌غذایی تشخیص دهد. در یک جمع‌بندی با توجه به دوری جستن زنبورهای مادۀ L. fabarum از کفشدوزک و ترجیح غذایی کفشدوزک، انتظار می‌رود که این زنبور بیشتر در لکه‌های بدون کفشدوزک فعال باشد و از سویی کفشدوزک نیز بیشتر از شته‏های سالم تغذیه کند، امری که باعث کاهش شکارگری درون‌رسته‏ای و بهبود کنترل شتۀ جالیز می‏شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Reproductive activity and olfactory response of Lysiphlebus fabarum to the presence of an intraguild predator, Hippodamia variegata, in the host patches

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Toosi 1
  • Arash Rasekh 2
  • Naoya Osawa 3
1 M.Sc. Student of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Entomology, Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Japan
چکیده [English]

In this study, the reproductive activity and olfactory response of the parasitoid wasp Lysiphlebus fabarum to the presence of an intraguild predator, the ladybird Hippodamia variegata,was investigated on the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii on cucumber plants. For this purpose, in addition to comparing the predator feeding of healthy and parasitized adult aphids, reproductive characteristics of the parasitoid wasp (percent parasitism, percent emergence, and sex ratio) were investigated in three different host patches, including those of only aphids alone, aphids with a female ladybird, and aphids with aphid carcasses. Moreover, the preference of the female wasps to these patches was determined using a Y-tube olfactometer. Ladybirds significantly preferred healthy aphids to previously parasitized ones (F2,27=12.53, P<0.001), and the proportion of parasitism by parasitoid wasps were lower in the patch containing a female ladybird (G2,42=6.99, P=0.03). According to olfactometer test results, the parasitoid wasp significantly avoided the patch containing the intraguild predator ladybird (χ2=6.40, df=19, P=0.01). In conclusion, based upon the findings of the avoidance of ladybirds by female wasps and also preference of healthy aphids by ladybirds, it is expected that female wasps forage more in patches lacking the intraguild predator ladybirds, and that ladybirds prefer feeding on healthy aphids, resulting in a reduction in the intraguild predation and improving the cotton aphid control.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton aphid
  • Intraguild predation
  • olfactometry
  • predatory ladybird

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 اسفند 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 31 خرداد 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 19 تیر 1396

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